Julius Nyerere

Julius Nyerere Kambarage ( born April 13, 1922 in Butiama (near the eastern shore of Lake Victoria ), † 14 October 1999, London) was the first President of Tanzania.

Life

Nyerere was born as the son of head of the Zanaki, a small nation in the Mara region. He was Catholic. From 1949 to 1952 he studied as first Tanganjikaner in the UK at the University of Edinburgh. He became a teacher, and founded in 1954, the Tanganyika African National Union ( TANU ) as a national mass party.

In 1960, he became Prime Minister and led on December 9, 1961 his country to independence from Britain. In 1962 he was first elected President of Tanganyika; 1965, 1970, 1975 and 1980 he was re-elected. In April 1964, Nyerere was able to unite his country with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. In 1967 he gave up his socialist beliefs in the "Declaration of Arusha " political content. Nyerere nationalized the banks and other business enterprises, demanded the re-establishment of socialist village communities ( Ujamaa ) and a reform of the school system. From 1977 he granted the South African ANC for the exiles school, the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College, political support and placed in Morogoro generously the needed land and some old farm buildings.

In 1985, he resigned as president, but remained until 1990, Chairman of the Unity Party of CCM ( " Chama Cha Mapinduzi ", " Revolutionary State Party"). Until his death in 1999, Nyerere was a peace broker in Africa go.

Others

Nyerere was a friend of Bernhard Grzimek. Also friends, he was regarded with the two- years-younger President of Zambia, Kenneth Kaunda, the Nyerere as a political role model. When Kaunda was jailed in the 1990s by the new Zambian government constructed allegations, Nyerere visited him in prison and demonstratively reached, together with Nelson Mandela Kaunda's release.

Awards

1983 Nyerere was awarded the Nansen Refugee Award. UNESCO recognized him in 1992 with the award of the Simon Bolivar Prize as "a great humanist whose values ​​have influenced several generations." In 1995, he was the first recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize of the Indian government.

Beatification process

Nyerere was a devout Catholic who went every day during his public ministry to the fair and often fasted. The Diocese of Musoma initiated the diocesan process for the beatification in January 2005.

Medals and Decorations

March 21, 2010, Nyerere was awarded posthumously the highest Order of the Republic of Namibia as part of the 20 -year-old Namibian independence day. His wife took the Welwitschia Mirabilis - Medal 1st Class.

Quotes

"While poor nations like Tanzania fight for those structural changes in the world economic system, without which our own development efforts would be made void, we note that the American economic power takes its place on the other side, that is, on the side of our ongoing exploitation. "

" The poor countries are told they would have to work hard to produce more and would then be able to overcome their poverty. [ ... ] Let's take the case of sisal -. Earlier Tanzania 's most important export products - and relate it to the price of tractors In 1965 I was able to buy a tractor for 17.25 tons of sisal; the same tractor cost in 1972, however, as much as 47 tons of sisal. [ ... ] The rich countries are getting richer because their economic strength gives them economic power; the poor countries remain poor because their economic weakness makes them puppets in power play of others. "

Writings of Julius Nyerere

  • Freedom and Unity. A Selection from Writings and Speeches 1952-65; Dar es Salaam, 1966
  • Freedom and Socialism. A Selection from Writings and Speeches 1965-1967; Dar es Salaam, 1968
  • Ujamaa. Essays on Socialism; Dar es Salaam, 1968
  • Freedom and Development. A Selection from Writings and Speeches; Dar es Salaam, 1968-1973 (English excerpts freedom and development; Stuttgart: Service Overseas, 1975)
  • Education and Liberation; Texts on the Church Development Service 14 Frankfurt, 1977

Writings on Julius Nyerere

  • Victor Munnik: Julius Nyerere - That Rare Phenomenon, a Sincere Politician with Integrity; in: Africa Insight 16 (2 ), 1986; Pp. 83-85.
  • Knud Erik Svendsen: Development Strategy and Crisis Management; : Colin Legum, Geoffrey Mmari (ed.): Mwalimu - The Influence of Nyerere; London, 1995
  • Asit Datta (ed.): Julius Nyerere. Speeches and writings of three decades; Bad Honnef: Horlemann, 2001; ISBN 3-89502-130 -X
October 14 Mara (Region) Arusha Declaration African National Congress Bonn Roman Catholic Diocese of Musoma Ali Hassan Mwinyi Jakaya Kikwete Integrated Authority File
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