Karl Martin
Johann Karl Ludwig Martin named Karl Martin (* November 24, 1851 in Jever, † November 14, 1942 in Leiden ) was a German geologist and paleontologist.
Biography
His father was the postmaster VW Martin and his mother's name was MA Hoffmann. Karl Martin attended high school in Oldenburg and Jever. In April 1871, he enrolled at the University of Munich and subsequently was at the University of Leipzig and the University of Göttingen. His teachers were Karl von Seebach prägensten (1839-1880), Hermann Credner, Rudolf Leuckart and August Grisebach. At the latter university he received his doctorate at February 18, 1874 as a doctor of paleontology and zoology with the treatise A contribution to the knowledge of fossil Euganoiden. In the year of his graduation, he became an assistant at the Geological- Palaeontological Museum in Göttingen and in 1876 he became a professor at the Gymnasium in Wismar. His interest in this time especially the boulders. To deepen his knowledge, he visited to investigate in Leiden, the Museum of Natural History to the collection of Winand Staring ( 1808-1877 ). Here he came into contact with the zoologist Hermann Schlegel, the director of the museum.
As in 1877 at Leiden University a Department of Geology was established, was appointed by patronage of Schlegel Martin on September 11, 1877 Professor of Geology, Mineralogy, Crystallography and paleontology at the University. After he had held his introductory speech Geological theories of the present time with opening remarks from the history of geology on December 8, 1877, he was from 1878 to 1922 director of the 1880 newly established geological museum in Leiden and 1895/96 he served as rector of the University of Leiden. The latter office he laid on February 8 with the speech Uit het down Jongste geological laughed eden Nederlandsche Colonies in Oost- en West - Indië.
As a scientist, Martin dealt mainly with paleontological and stratigraphic studies of the erdneuzeitlichen fauna of the Dutch East Indies and here specifically from the Moluccas. Martin's research was based mainly on the fossil collections in the Geological Museum, which originated primarily from the Dutch colonies. This collection was enlarged by purchases and by taking part in expeditions to the colonies. For this end he traveled in 1884 to Suriname, the Netherlands Antilles and Venezuela, as well as to the Moluccas in 1892 and 1910 to Java.
Even after his retirement in 1922 he continued his studies of the tertiary strata client of the Dutch East Indies continued. After he became Professor Emeritus on 25 February 1922 he took leave on 18 September 1922 in retirement. His successor as a university teacher was Berend George Escher. Among his students to Molengraaff G., J. Umbgrove, Lamoraal Ulbo were de Sitter (1902-1980) and PH Kuenen. Another well-known student of Martin was Queen Wilhelmina, who had a collection of fossils and minerals and received private lessons in geology. He is considered the founder of paleontology in the Netherlands.
He was also a member of many learned societies of his time. He was born on May 6, 1884 Member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, 1882 Corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, in 1879 a member of the Society for the Promotion of natural science and medicine in Amsterdam, 1884 Member of the Vereeniging tot Overijselsche ontwikkeling van Provinciale Welvaart, 1887 Member at the Royal Institute of Linguistics, country and Ethnology of the Dutch East Indies, 1887 corresponding member of the Batavian Academy of Sciences, 1899 Member of the Imperial Leopold - Carolinischen German Academy of Sciences in Vienna and 1890 member of the Dutch society of Sciences at Haarlem. In addition, some awards him were to be divided. So it was in 1896 Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 1901 Knight of the Legion of Honour, 1882 Knight 1st Class of the Oldenburg House and Merit, 1886 Commander 3rd Class of the Order of Simon Bolivar of Venezuela and in 1919 an honorary member of the University of Rostock.
Family
Johann Karl Ludwig Martin was married twice. He completed his first marriage in 1875 to Anna Maria Christina Fittica ( born May 27, 1846 in Amsterdam, † December 30, 1906 in Leiden ). The marriage comes children. His second marriage he went on January 30, 1908 in Leiden with Hillegonda Icke ( born January 12, 1881 in Rotterdam, † September 21, 1966 in Leiden ) a. The marriage remained childless. Of the children are known:
- William Martin ( born June 20, 1876 in Quakenbruck, † March 10, 1954 in The Hague ) m. August 9, 1906 in Leiden with Maria Cornelia Visser van IJzendoorn ( born June 17, 1885 in Gorinchem ), daughter of Prof. van IJzendoorn CornelisVisser Alibert ( born August 2, 1858 in Gorinchem, † September 23, 1924 ) and Margaretha Johanna Mijnlieff ( born November 9, 1856 in Jutphaas, † March 18, 1937 )
- Alida Martin ( born September 14, 1877 in Wismar ) m. July 23, 1908 in Amsterdam with Marten van Maanen ( 1879 in Hoorn )
- Karla Martin ( born May 18, 1879 in Leiden ) m. July 17, 1902 with Albertus Lodewijk Zaalberg ( February 16, 1873 in Aarlanderveen, † April 26, 1908 in The Hague), married. with C. M. Cremer in Amersfoort
- Annie Martin ( * August 26, 1884 Zwischenahn (Oldenburg ); † December 22, 1884 in Leiden )
- Herman Martin ( born March 22, 1881 in Leiden) lived in The Hague
- John Martin ( born November 9, 1886 in Leiden) lived in The Hague
Works (selection)
- Dutch and North West German Sedimentärgeschiebe. 1878
- The Tertiary strata on Java. 1879-80
- Report on a trip to Dutch West India and founded on studies., 1888.
- Travel in the Moluccas in Ambron, the Uliassern, Serran and Boeroe. 1894, 1903
- The Fossielien of Java. 1891-1922
- Collections of geological Reich Museum in Leiden. 1881-1923
- West Indian Sketches. Travel memories, with 22 plates and a map. Outlook Verlag, Bremen 2011, ISBN 978-3-86403-143-4 ( Nachdr d ed Leiden 1887).