Karwno
Karwno ( German Karwendel, Kashubian Karwno ) is a village in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship and is part of the rural municipality Czarna Dąbrówka ( Black Damerkow ) in Bytowski powiat ( county Buetow ).
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Geographical Location and Transport
Karwno located in Pomerania, about 40 kilometers southeast of the former county town of Slupsk ( Stolp ) and 32 kilometers north of the present county metropolis Bytów ( Buetow ) surrounded by hills and is surrounded by fields, forests and lakes. The urban area with the little ones and the Jezioro Karwieńskie duzo ( Little and Big Lake ) ranges in the southwest up to the Łupawa ( Lupow ).
A narrow country road connecting the village to the province road 211 at Podkomorzyce ( Niemietzke ). Until 1945 there was rail connection over the six kilometers to station Black Damerkow at the decommissioned after the war and largely dismantled railway line Lauenburg - Buetow ( Lębork - Bytów ).
Place name
The German place name Karwendel (formerly Carwen ) each came once before in East and West Prussia.
History
The historic village of shape after Karwno is an angle lines village. In 1523 Jürgen pirchen tho karuen named as owner. The one part of the estate consisted of two knights seats, four farmers and two Kossäten and was an old Pirchsches fief. The other part of the Vorwerk Neuhof (now Polish: Drążkowo ), the Schmiedehof and Heide pitcher came to Hans von Wobeser. Kaspar Friedrich von Massow managed to unite both parts in one hand.
About 1784 Karwendel had two outworks, eight pawns, four Kossäten, a schoolmaster, a water mill on the Lupow, the Vorwerk Neuhof (now Polish Drążkowo ), the colony of New Karwendel ( Nowe Karwno ), the Schmiedehof and two skating - for a total of 44 fires (households).
In the following years the owners of Karwendel it often changed. Around the middle of the 19th century the estate was owned by the Gerhardt family. Last owner was 1938-1945 Werner guest. At the time the estate had an operating area of 507 hectares, of which alone 461 acres of farmland.
In 1910, Karwendel had 578 inhabitants. Their number was 1933, 562 and dropped to 1939 to 532 to the municipality Karwendel included, in 1945, the four villages August field ( Soszyce ) Fließhof ( Flisów ) I and II and New Karwendel ( Nowe Karwno ). She lay back in Stolp county in the district of the Prussian province of Pomerania Pomerania.
Towards the end of World War II, much of the villagers fled on March 8, 1945, prior to approaching Soviet troops in a trek. The trek took over New Karwendel ( Nowe Karwno ), Oak field ( Grzężnik ), United Massow ( Maszewo Leborskie ), Lauenburg in Pommern ( Lębork ) and Goddentow ( Godętowo ) by Lanz ( Łęczyce ), where he, however, the Red Army soldiers fell into their hands. The villagers had to return, only a few managed to escape by boat. Karwendel itself was occupied on March 9, 1945 by Soviet troops. Subsequently, the site was put together with all Pomerania under Polish administration. In August 1946, the Red Army withdrew, while Poland invaded the village, it occupied and took over the houses and farmsteads. Karwendel was renamed Karwno. On August 30, 1946 about 100 villagers were expelled on the basis of the so-called Bierut Decrees in a large-scale action, in 1947 the rest.
154 villagers were later determined from Karwendel in the Federal Republic of Germany and 317 in East Germany.
Today, the site of Gmina Czarna Dąbrówka in powiat Bytowski in the Pomeranian Voivodeship heard was (until 1998 Voivodeship Slupsk 1975) assigned. Here are now registered 270 inhabitants.
Development of the population
Church
By 1945, the predominantly Protestant Karwendel Parish Mickrow belonged (now Polish: Mikorowo ) in the church Stolp -Altstadt Ostsprengel in the ecclesiastical province of the Church of the Old Prussian Pomerania Union.
Since 1945, the population of Karwno predominantly Catholic denomination is. In the village, a church was rebuilt after the Our Lady of Perpetual Help ( Kościół Matki Boskiej Nieustającej Pomocy ) was named. It is a branch church in the parish Czarna Dąbrówka ( Black Damerkow ) in the Office of the Dean Łupawa ( Lupow ) in the diocese of Pelplin of the Catholic Church in Poland. Here surviving Protestant church members belong to the Cross parish in the Diocese of Slupsk in Pomeranian Greater Poland the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland.
School
As early as 1784 there were in Karwendel a schoolmaster. In the three-stage in 1932, two elementary school teachers taught in three classes 101 school children.
By 1881 the Karwener elementary school visited the later glassmakers and glass Hüttemeister Germanus Tisza ( 1867-1945 ).
Glashütte Karwendel
From 1845 to 1887 Karwendel had a glassworks. It was located immediately to the east of the Lupow Niemietzker mill. Owner of the glassworks were the respective owners of the domain Karwendel, but they always leased to professionals. The first tenant was the company Scheffler & Cohn, the second the company Think & Piwonke. There were two furnaces in operation, about 3600 cubic meters of wood consumed annually.
Manufactured beer bottles were first, but then also, because of the quality of the existing at the Lupow sand, sheet glass and hollow glass. In addition to the glassworks there was a Hohlglasschleiferei whose products were also brilliant paragraph.
In the Karwener Glashütte seven glassblowers worked (excluding smelter, workers, etc. ) who came from Bohemia. They were mostly Catholics and lived in the village in some seclusion. Their children attended school in Karwendel, a cleric from the West Prussian Gowidlino held Masses in the glassworks.
For economic reasons, the operation could not be maintained in 1887. The Karwener glassworks and the daughter hut in Kosemühl ( Kozin ) had to be closed.