Knock-down kit
The term Completely Knocked Down (CKD ) comes from the automotive industry and refers to a particular form of production and marketing of vehicles. The car manufacturer exports a not -made vehicle in the form of individual parts that is assembled into a drivable vehicle in the respective country of import and sold there. In addition to individual parts also partially prefabricated vehicles as Semi Knocked Down ( SKD) or as a medium - Knocked - Down ( MKD) are exported.
Main reason for the CKD exports are mostly high import duties for complete end products, whereas partially dismantled or completely knocked down the final products cleared through customs are often considerably lower. Another reason is the start of local production, especially in emerging countries. Firstly, the investment in the new market remain manageable, as demanding and expensive producible or find components are imported for the investing manufacturer. Secondly, the local forces over the final assembly of the product to get to know well and with increasing learning and development degree perform successively more work content. Another reason is the manufacture or procurement of certain parts of the country of import. This part of the circumference is also called "local content " or "national content". Thus, a portion of the value is provided in the country and at the same time established a national supply industry with its own production of knowledge. The proportion and the increase of ' local content ' in the course of time is often a component of CKD - contracts ( s.Local content clause).
CKD level of decomposition
The CKD - decomposition ratio indicates to what extent and which detailing ( up to which module) the product has been assembled and then shipped. Thus, in a vehicle can be either sent from individual parts and already welded assemblies and assembled in a CKD assembly plant in the body, or the painted bodyshell is exported or imported as a whole. In the latter case one speaks of SKD or MKD vehicles. This saves you the investment for a local body shop and paint shop, which represent the largest investment in the automotive industry. One example is the MAN Lion 's Coach, whose body from the factory in Ankara ( Turkey) is exported, among others to Santiago de Querétaro (Mexico), where it is mounted for local sales to a locally -made CKD chassis.
If vehicles are manufactured entirely in the country of origin or only details are omitted in the production, it is called contrast of CBU vehicles (Completely Built Up ) or FBU vehicles (Fully Built Up). Only in exceptional cases, a finished vehicle is partially dismantled. One example is the Vans Mercedes -Benz Sprinter, which is built for distribution in the U.S., although entirely in Germany ( Dusseldorf and Ludwigsfelde ), but without the brand's signature details. It is produced without grille, steering wheel and labels, disassembled into four to five groups of parts before shipment and reassembled on site from also belonging to the Daimler company, Freightliner, provided with Freightliner Insignia and sold locally and Freightliner Sprinter.
Vehicles that have already been developed with a view to CKD production, can be found - mostly as a so -called world cars - for example, in the programs of Fiat ( Palio, Siena ), Skoda ( Fabia ) and Dacia ( Logan ).
CKD ordering, packaging, processing and supply
The following types of CKD ordering, processing and delivery.
This is where having a single CKD vehicle number ( more or less) complete vehicle ordered, then the respective parts and assemblies are supplied for. Using the CKD number you can tell which parts and subassemblies must be assembled in the CKD assembly plant. The CKD - partner can then under the same CKD vehicle number the missing ' local ' parts ( local content ) procure.
- 2 of CKD kit:
Here are appointed ( for a vehicle to komplettierendes ) with a CKD record numbers only certain Teile-/Ausstattungsumfänge. This allows different vehicle models of CKD vehicle are produced in a CKD assembly plant.
- 3, the mixed CKD-Fahrzeug/-Teilesatz:
The different parts perimeters of trim levels with the corresponding CKD record numbers to be ordered here for a CKD kit. This allows the different vehicle models can be ordered with an order record and delivered. The Parts for CKD kit quasi form the basic vehicle that can be assembled with the parts of the CDK - parts kits for the respective vehicle model in CKD assembly plant.
The parts and components of a CKD vehicle or a CKD kit of parts are often due to costs, transportation and administrative reasons in the supply to 6 - or 24 - summarized batch sizes - 12. The entire CKD handling, packaging and transport containers, delivery, deployment, and installation is then tuned to this lot size.