Kolyu Ficheto
Nikola Ivanov Fitschew (also written Nikola Ivanov Fichev, Bulgarian Никола Иванов Фичев; * 1800 Dryanovo, then Ottoman Empire, . Jul./15 † November 2 November 1881 Greg in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. ), But mostly with the diminutive of his first name Kolju Ficheto ( bulg Колю Фичето ) called, was a Bulgarian - Ottoman architect ( Usta, short of Ustabaschija ), architect and artist from the period of the National Revival, the ( southern Romania today ) was also active in Wallachia. The Bulgarian General Ivan Fitschew is his grandson. 2007 Kolju Ficheto was added to the list of 100 most important Bulgarians.
Life
Nikola Fitschew was born in 1800 in of needs in the Balkan Mountains town Dryanovo in poor conditions. His mother Mary came from a family of artists ( woodcarver and sculptor ) from Mart damage, his father Ivan ( in the literature also Jowan ) died in 1803 or 1804.
With 10 years Maria sent her son as friction Iraq ( Bulg чирак to German as an apprentice ) with migrant construction workers continue to learn their profession. At the time of national revival had any aspiring artisans ( Esnaf ) four stages through ( Czech Iraq, Kalfa ( Bulg калфа ), Basch Kalfa ( Bulg баш калфа ) or Kalfabaschija ( Bulg калфабашия ) and Baschkalija ( Bulg башкалия, Master without their own means, Young Master ) before he got the master craftsman and a master ( Ustabaschija, or shortly Usta ) was recognized. it is believed that Fitschew to 1817/18 Kalfa was returned home and in Dryanovo was employed by an unknown master. with him Fitschew was also active in the Dobruja and Wallachia in the construction of buildings.
To 1822/23 married Nikola originating from Dryanovo Marinka. 1823/24 started Fitschew as Kalfabaschija in the studio of his maternal relatives Stanju Marangozina in Turnovo ( Veliko Tarnovo today ), where he learned the craft of art - wood-carver. This activity he practiced primarily in the winter months, in the summer, he worked with Master Welju from Dryanovo under construction. In 1825, his son, Ivan ( 1825-1877 ) was born. 1830 Nikola Fitschew buy a house and finally moved with his family to Tarnovo.
1833 got Fitschew of the Tarnovo craft guild of master, Young champion ( Baschkalija ) and act as such in master Dimitar Sofianlijata. Already in 1831 he worked with him at the construction site of the Preobraschenie Monastery. Under the direction of Fitschew the main monastery church, the east wing and the iconostasis were built in all monastic churches. Were after a break 1835, when some of the construction workers failed Weltschowa Zawera Riot arrested and murdered by the Ottomans, Fitschew 1836 not only took over the management of the monastery building, but also the completion of Sveti Nikola Church in Tarnovo under the Master Ivan Dawdata.
Fitschew as champions
When exactly was Fitschew of master is unknown. The first written mention of the league title ( Usta ) of Fitschew is from 1839, without him, but he could not take over the management in 1836 for the construction of the church of Sveti Nikola, which is why we assume 1836 as the earliest possible appointment master.
In the summer months 1837-1840 Fitschew worked as an independent architect and with different builders from Brazigowo in Thrace, Edirne and Constantinople Opel and in the winter months as a wood carver with Stanju Marangozina in Tarnovo.
1840 was Fitschew probably in Constantinople Opel his first Master Temple finished as Ustabaschija. In the period 1840-1847 he worked together with Usta Welju and Stanju Marangozina in Tarnovo and the surrounding area. 1840, the construction work was transferred to the re-establishment of the monastery Kilifarevo him. Over the next two years, developed under his leadership, a new residential wing for the monks and a larger monastery church. Both buildings with its architecture and functional solutions featuring a new stage in the Bulgarian architecture. 1848 Nikola Fitschew was actuated again with Maister Welju in Wallachia, after he finished joint activity with the wood carver Stanju and only devoted himself to architecture. To 1854 Fitschew Chairman of Bauzunft in Tarnovo and a year later chief architect ( beledije ustasi? , Bulg беледие устасъ ) of Tarnovo. To learn Fitschew 1856 the Ottoman administrator of the Bulgarian lands between the Balkan Mountains and the Danube, Midhat Pasha know who instructed him in the following period with several state projects. 1868 Nikola Fitschew for his services he has done for the Ottoman imperial government, with the Ottoman Order mecidiye ( Bulg Меджидие ), 50,000 pieces of gold and a plot in Turnovo was honored.
Between 1870 and 1876, designed and realized Fitschew his last major projects. In 1873 he was elected honorary chairman of the parish council in the church of St. Constantine and Elena in Tarnovo. From 1877 to 1881 he designed several village churches that were built by builders close to him. From 1878, he changed his signature from Usta in architect.
Nikola Fitschew died on November 2, jul./15. November Greg. 1881 in Veliko Tarnovo.
Famous Works
- Monastery church and the east wing of Preobraschenie Monastery (1831-1848)
- Church of Sveti Nikola in Tarnovo, (from 1835)
- Solak mosque in Kazanlak (1837 )
- Monastery Kilifarevo ( 1840-1841/2 )
- Monastery Church of Sveti Ilija Platschkowo the monastery (1841-1845)
- Church of the Holy Mother of God in Tarnovo (1842-1844, destroyed during the earthquake of 1913)
- Church of the Holy Mother of God in Prisowo (1845-1846)
- Monastery Church of the Holy Trinity Monastery in Tarnovo (1846-1847)
- Church Sveti Dimitar in Ljaskowez (1848-1849)
- The House with the Monkey (1849 ) in Tarnovo
- Church of St. Marina in Tarnovo (1849-1850)
- Han Chadschizatschew Mincho (1849-1850)
- Church of Sveti Nikola in Dryanovo (1849-1851)
- Church of Sveti Nikola in Gorna Oryahovitsa (1849-1852)
- Belfry of Platschkowo Monastery (1856 )
- Rosizabrücke (1857-1858, 110 m long) at Sevlievo on behalf of Midhat Pasha
- Hadji Nikoli Han in Tarnovo ( 1858)
- Church of Sveti Spas in Tarnovo (1858-1859)
- Church of the Holy brothers Cyril and Methodius in Veliko Tarnovo (1860-1861)
- Fountain in the Sokolski Monastery ( 1865)
- Holy Trinity Church in Svishtov (1865-1867)
- Bjalabrücke (1865-1867, also Belenski bridge, 276 m long and 9 m wide)
- Church St. Constantine and Elena in Veliko Tarnovo (1872-1873)
- Konak (1873-1874), later the town hall and venue of the First National Assembly of Bulgaria in Tarnovo
- Church Sweta Paraschkewa in Brjastowez (1873-1879)
- Covered Bridge in Lovech (1874-1876) ( bulg: Покритият мост в Ловеч )
- Drjanowobrücke in Dryanovo
- House of Ikonomow in Dryanovo
- Silk factory of Karagjizow in Veliko Tarnovo
Miscellaneous
The Ficheto Point on the West Antarctic Livingston Island is named after Kolju Ficheto.