Korthalsia
Korthalsia is a native to Asia palm genus. It is named after the Dutch botanist Pieter Willem Korthals ( 1807-1892 ).
- 6.1 Notes and references
Features
The representatives are more stocky, high climbing Rattanpalmen that branch. The individual flowers are hermaphroditic, the plants bloom only once ( hapaxanth ). The trunk is often occupied with the inner epidermis of the leaf sheaths. The internodes are long, the nodes scars are often uneven. The branch is dichotomous.
The chromosome number is 2n = 32
The pinnate leaves and possess at the end of a tendril. The leaf sheath is Roehrig, unreinforced and reinforced, as well as plenty busy with dandruff and hair. The Ochrea is always pronounced, either extended tight or a loose funnel-shaped fiber network. The end of the Ochrea is always significantly swollen and form an ants nest. A petiole may be present or absent. The rachis and the vine are covered with backward thorns. The relatively few leaflets are simply folded, lanceolate or rhombic and plucked at the front end. Your bottom is hairy often white.
Inflorescences
The inflorescences are simultaneously formed in the axils of the distal, often reduced leaves. Mostly they are branched one or two times. The peduncle is partially fused with the trunk. The cover page is zweikielig, close fitting and usually hidden in the leaf sheath of the support sheet of the inflorescence. The inflorescence axis is substantially longer than the peduncle. The bracts of the inflorescence axis are Roehrig, close fitting and hardly or not reinforced, however, densely hairy. The bracts on the lateral axes of the first order are similar. The flower-bearing axes ( Rachillae ) are usually removed, are cylindrical and catkins. They carry a few empty basal bracts and a tight spiral of imbricaten bracts, which are laterally fused together. Rarely they are removed, then each bract forms a pit. The flowers are individually.
Flowers
The flowers are, for palms rare, hermaphroditic. You are protandrous. The cup is at the bottom of Roehrig and carries three lobes. The crown is also Roehrig with three lobes. The six to nine stamens are at the mouth of the corolla tube. The gynoecium is dreifächrig, rounded and covered with scales. The stylus is conical or narrow pyramidal with three scar lines. The ovules sit basal and are anatrop.
The pollen is spherical. The colpi are either equatorial or meridional diporat zonasulcat. The longest axis measures 25 to 60 micrometers.
Fruit and seeds
The fruit is globose to ovoid and bears a seed. The exocarp is oriented with vertical rows back, busy imbricaten shed. The exocarp is thin, fleshy and sweet, a endocarp is not differentiated. The seed sits basal, the seed coat is thin, not fleshy. The endosperm is homogeneous or ruminat and has a conspicuous pit.
Ecology
Several species that possess an inflated Ochrea, live in close association with ants. The ants keep on young tissue inside the Ochrea aphids, old dry Ochreas be used as a brood chamber. In some species, such as Korthalsia robusta and Korthalsia hispida, give the ants alarm signals by beating their mandibles to the dry Ochrea. The importance of ants rattan relationship is not clearly understood, but it appears to be rather a defense of plants against herbivores.
On the flowers of Korthalsia laciniosa bees were observed. The fruits of several species are eaten by hornbills the type Anthracoceros convexus.
Dissemination and locations
The genus occurs in Southeast Asia and Malaysia's. The distribution area is located in the perhumiden areas of the Sunda Shelf. The total site area extends north to Indochina, Burma and the Andaman Islands, in the south-east to Celebes and New Guinea. The species are confined to the lowland rain forests and the hills, in the mountain rain forest they are missing. They are common in primary forests, but are also well adapted to disturbances and therefore often found in older secondary forests and in regenerated forests.
Some species have a very narrow ecological amplitude, so comes about Korthalsia concolor in front only to ultrabasischem rock in Sabah (Borneo ).
System
The genus Korthalsia is placed in the subfamily Calamoideae, Tribe Calameae within the family Arecaceae. You alone forms the subtribe Korthalsiinae. The monophyly of the genus has not been investigated (as of 2008 ). The relationship to the other subtribe is unclear.
In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the following types are recognized:
- Korthalsia angustifolia
- Korthalsia bejaudii
- Korthalsia brassii
- Korthalsia celebica
- Korthalsia cheb
- Korthalsia concolor
- Korthalsia debilis
- Korthalsia Echinometra
- Korthalsia ferox
- Korthalsia flagellaris
- Korthalsia furcata
- Korthalsia furtadoana
- Korthalsia hispida
- Korthalsia jala
- Korthalsia junghuhnii
- Korthalsia laciniosa
- Korthalsia lanceolata
- Korthalsia merrillii
- Korthalsia paucijuga
- Korthalsia rigida
- Korthalsia robusta
- Korthalsia rogersii
- Korthalsia rostrata
- Korthalsia scaphigeroides
- Korthalsia scortechinii
- Korthalsia tenuissima
- Korthalsia zippelii
Use
Korthalsia forms very hard Put that are processed locally wicker. However, they are marred by the large node scarring and the adherent leaf sheaths, so that the species in Rattanhandel not matter.
Documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, pp. 179-181.