Kosmos (rocket family)

Kosmos (Russian Космос ) is the name for a Soviet or Russian launcher. She was, as was customary in the Soviet Union, after its first payload, the satellite Cosmos -1, named. With Cosmos, the Soviet Union had a unlike previous Soviet rocket launchers smaller to start lighter satellites.

Kosmos B-1

The first Kosmos rocket was called Kosmos B-1. B standing in the U.S. reconnaissance for the second basic type of launchers, 1 for the number of upper stages, other names: SL -7 ( U.S. Department of Defense ), 2I cosmos, cosmos 11K63, Kosmos 63S1, Sandal; 63SM variant cosmos; Variant cosmos 63S1M, also referred to as 2M cosmos. She went from the medium-range missile R -12 ( in the West as SS-4 Sandal known) out, which was developed in the design office Yangel ( OKB -586 ). The maximum payload into a low earth orbit was 420 kg. The first launch took place on 26 October 1961 in Kapustin Yar. By 1977 there were 166 starts, 21 of which hit fail. The first stage of the rocket has been operated with RP -1 ( a Kerosinart ) and nitric acid, the second stage of liquid oxygen and UDMH ( unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine ). The first stage had a four-chamber RD -214 engine with pump delivery. The second stage used the engine RD -119 with four fixed control jets. The launch took place from a silo. In various representations of the placement of the upper level was shown in the silo.

Kosmos C-1 and 3M

The successor to Kosmos C -1 ( which corresponded to the third basic type with an advanced level, other names: SL -7 ( U.S. Department of Defense ), Cosmos 1, Kosmos 65S3, Skean; variant Kosmos 11K65, often referred to as Cosmos 3) went out of the larger medium-range missile R -14 ( U.S. designation SS-5 Skean ) out. The payload is significantly larger with 1400 kg in an orbit of 400 km (700 pounds in a 1600 km orbit ). The first launch took place on 15 May 1967. The first stage of the rocket used in the engine RD- 216M UDMH and nitrogen tetroxide, the second stage of nitric acid, dinitrogen tetroxide and UDMH. Thus, the rocket contains only storable propellants.

The variant cosmos 11K65M, also referred to as Cosmos 3M uses an improved second stage S -3M and is still in use. Also the German SAR-Lupe reconnaissance satellite into space in 2008 - was signed with these missiles in 2006. The missile is 32.4 m long, with a diameter of 2.4 m, and has a launch weight of 109 t. So that it can carry a payload of 1,500 kg a circulation of 250 km. The maximum altitude is 1,700 km.

The start takes place either in Kapustin Yar (48 ° inclination ) or Plesetsk (66 ° to 98 ° inclination ).

With the cosmos 65MP variant, also referred to as cosmos 3MP, were the space shuttle models Bor -4 and 5 tested for their re-entry properties. There have been reached suborbital or near-earth orbits.

The Company PO Poljot in Omsk, Russia, since longer is working on expanding cosmos 3MU also " Vsljot " (Russian Взлёт - German to lift-off). International markets the company COSMOS International satellite launch in Bremen, a subsidiary of OHB Technology, the launch vehicle.

The use of this rocket will soon be set.

Specifications

For Kosmos 3M.

  • Size Height: 32.4 m
  • Diameter: 2.4 m
  • Take off weight: 109 t
  • Levels: 2
  • Payload to LEO 1500 kg
  • Payload to SSO 775 kg
  • Status: in use
  • Launch site: Plesetsk or Kapustin Yar
  • Number of starts: 439 (419 of them successful)
  • First start: May 15, 1967
  • Powerplant: 1 RD -216
  • Floor thrust: 1486 kN
  • Vacuum thrust: 1728 kN
  • Burning time: 170 s
  • Fuel: dinitrogen tetroxide / UDMH
  • Powerplant: 1 RD -219
  • Thrust: 883 kN
  • Burning time: 1620 s
  • Fuel: dinitrogen tetroxide / UDMH
RP-1 Nitrogen dioxide Orbital inclination Znamensk, Astrakhan Oblast Angara (rocket family) Dnepr-1 Energia Molniya (rocket) R-7 Semyorka Rokot Shtil' Start-1 Voskhod (rocket) Fregat Ikar (rocket stage) List of orbital launch systems
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