Lactarius pubescens
Downy Birch Milchling ( Lactarius pubescens)
The Downy Birch Milchling or Fluffy Milchling ( Lactarius pubescens, syn. L. albus, L. blumii ) is a mushroom of the family of Täublingsverwandten. The medium to large Milchling has a creamy white to buff-colored, fluffy hairy hat, whitish fins and a short, thick stalk. The fungus is spread over the entire northern hemisphere and grows singly or in small groups under the birches. The fruiting bodies occur between August and October.
- 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The cap is 3.5-8 cm wide, slightly arched young, but soon spread and aged depressed to broadly funnel-shaped deepened. The hat surface is pressed hairy- tomentose and hairy to the edge - fluffy shaggy. Boy hats are off-white, cream colored older and often have a pinkish tone. Often they are also more or less orange-brown blotchy. The hat is always ungezont. The brim is rolled long and dense coat frayed - shaggy. The hair is usually at the edge 5 mm long, with old fruit bodies of the border but is often smooth and bare.
The closely spaced fins are cream-colored young and later increasingly ocher and often have a flesh-colored shimmer. They are widely grown on a stick or something running down it, in stem proximity, they are more or less forked frequently. The fins are cut smooth and the spore powder is pale cream to salmon color.
The cylindrical stem is 2-6 cm long and 1.2-2 cm wide. Towards the base he is often rejuvenated weak. Normally the handle is in full or stuffed, very old fruiting bodies are hollow. The stem surface is in young specimens of white and fine woolly coated, later the stalk is pink to salmon pink tinted and frosted white. The tip remains without tires and is colored pink to salmon color.
The burning hot milk is white and not discolored. The pretty solid flesh is cream colored colored to pale salmon pink, under the hat skin, it is often more or less yellow - orange tinted. The meat smells slightly fruity or geranium -like and tastes almost without delay sharp.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are breitelliptisch and average 6.6 to 7.4 microns long and 4.9 to 5.2 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.2-1.5. Spore ornament is up to 0.7 micron high and consists of a few warts and of burred, often branched fins, which are partially reticulated interconnected by fine lines. The Hilarfleck is in the middle sometimes weakly amyloid. The 30-40 microns long and 8-10 microns wide basidia are clavate to bulbous and bear four sterigmata.
The Pleuromakrozystiden are 30-60 microns long and 6.5-10 microns wide and are found on the lamellae surfaces scattered. They are narrowly clavate to fusiform, the tip is often beaded constricted or carries a small Anhängselchen. The blades cutting are heterogeneous, in addition to the basidia there are numerous 30-60 microns long and 5-8.5 microns wide Cheilomakrozystiden. These are clavate, sinuous to spindle-shaped and often have an attached lace or beaded top are constricted.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a Ixocutis which is composed of parallel, 3-8 microns wide and densely interwoven hyphae, which are embedded in an up to 30 microns thick mucus layer. In the hyphal individual Lactiferen are interspersed.
Artabgrenzung
The Fluffy Milchling has with the Downy Downy Milchling a closely related double. This is however very rare and occurs only in bogs, usually surrounded by Torfmoospolstern ago. He is small and skinny and has a weakly hairy hat brim. The hair is a little longer than 2 mm and are also less dense. The milk of Downy Downy milk Lings turns bright yellow.
The approximately equally common Birch Reizker can occur at the same sites. But his hat has significantly redder tones and is usually zoned more or less.
Ecology
The Fluffy Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that is associated with birch trees. It usually takes him on drier soils. Often it is found in gardens, parks or on grassy roads or roadsides. One can also find him but to bog edges. The Milchling preferably neutral to calcareous soils. The fruiting body usually appear in groups or rows struggle between August and October. Only rarely will you find individual specimens.
The Fluffy Milchling can form together with the Fading Täubling a Doppelmykorrhiza, that is, the Täubling and Milchling together form a mycorrhiza from. However, the Milchling and birch bear the brunt as the host in this " symbiotic love triangle ", while the Täubling probably mostly parasitizes the Milchling. More information can be found here.
Dissemination
The species occurs in North America (USA), Greenland, North Africa ( Morocco) and Europe. There is also evidence from Australia and New Zealand. In Europe, the Milchling is widespread throughout western, northern and northeastern Europe. Only from Lithuania there is no evidence. In South and South-East Europe, the species is probably somewhat rare.
In Germany the Fluffy Milchling is widespread and comes from the Danish border and the East Frisian Islands to the northern Alps in before. He is widely different density, but overall quite often. In Switzerland, the Fluffy Milchling is frequent.
System
The species was described in 1794 by the German botanist Heinrich pubescens Adolf Schrader as Agaricus. In 1838, Elias Magnus Fries the way to the genus Lactarius and gave it thus its present name. The Downy Birch Milchling was also controversus L. var pubescens Gillet ( 1876) and subsp as Lactarius torminosus. pubescens Paul Konrad and André Maublanc (1935 ) and described as a variety Lundell (1956). As J. Blum kept the taxon L. pubescens described as inadequate, he defined the species as L. albus new. This name, however, is invalid according to the taxonomic rules, as this name was used by Velenovský 1920 for a different type. That's why you gave Marcel Bon 1979 the name L. blumii.
Infra Generic Systematics
The species is provided by Marcel Bon in the section Tricholomoidei. In M. Basso and J. Heilmann -Clausen et al. he stands in the section or sub-section Piperites. The members of this section have hats with fringed, or shaggy woolen hat brim and always white milk. In some species, the milk can turn yellow clearly in the air. Closely related species are birch and the Franzen - Milchling.
Importance
The Fluffy Milchling applies in Central Europe as slightly toxic, as it eaten raw as many pungent Milkcaps stomach pain, diarrhea and vomiting causes. In Eastern Europe, he is loved as an edible mushroom, after having made it palatable by an appropriate pretreatment.