Laurales

Real laurel (Laurus nobilis)

The laurel -like ( Laurales ) are an order of plants in the informal group of Magnoliopsida. It contains seven families.

Features

The laurel -like are mostly evergreen, woody plants with simple, leathery leaves. The sieve tube plastids possess protein crystalloids. The nodes are unilakunär. The leaves are opposite or whorled. The vascular bundles of the leaf stalks are bent.

The flowers are in zymösen inflorescences. A hypanthium is present: the flowers are perigynous, that is, the carpels are often embedded in a fleshy receptaculum. This is woody in fruit ripening. Likewise, inner staminodes are present. Per carpel there are one (or two ) standing basal ovule. The archesporium is multicellular. The Stylodium is long. The pollen is inaperturat.

The always -seeded fruits are capsule fruits, dry indehiscent fruits, stone fruits or berries.

Dissemination

The main distribution area are the tropics, especially the Lauraceae also reach into the Mediterranean.

Paleontology

The Laurales are an ancient angiosperm group. Fossils date back to the Early Cretaceous, a fossil of Calycanthaceae 110 million years old. Due to molecular biological studies, the age of the order is estimated to be around 130 million years ago million 75 to 90 years, today's families had formed.

System

The laurel -like part of the informal group of Magnoliids, a basal group of angiosperms from four orders. My sister taxon are the magnolia -like. The order includes seven families:

The relationships are shown in the following cladogram:

Calycanthaceae

Siparunaceae

Gomortegaceae

Atherospermataceae

Monimiaceae

Hernandiaceae

Lauraceae

Use

Several representatives are used as timber. In addition, the camphor tree ( Cinnamomum camphora ) returns the camphor, the cinnamon trees ( Cinnamomum verum, etc.) the cinnamon. The True laurel is a spice and avocado ( Persea americana ) is a fruit.

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