Leopold von Schrenck

Leopold von Schrenck (Russian Леопольд Иванович фон Шренк; born 24 Apriljul / May 6 1826greg in the government of Kharkov, .. .. † 8 Januarjul / January 20 1894greg in Saint Petersburg ) was a German - Russian zoologist, geographer and ethnographer. He was the brother of Alexander von Schrenk.

Life

After graduating from the University of Dorpat with the title of Master of Zoology, he went for two years to Germany, where he continued his studies in natural sciences at the universities of Berlin and Königsberg. Some time after his return to Russia he received from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences of the offer to go on a research trip to the Far Eastern regions of the Russian Empire.

1853 sailed from Schrenck on the frigate Aurora a with which he drove on the western route up to Petropavlovsk -Kamchatsky. From there, were he and his Expeditonsmannschaft, which also includes the botanist Carl Maximowicz was brought from a Corvette to the bay of De Kastri, which lies opposite the island of Sakhalin. There, the group boarded the schooner Vostok and began in a northerly direction with the exploration of the coast in terms of their geological nature, flora and fauna as well as of the local peoples. In August 1854 reached by Schrenck and his team the situated on the mouth of the Amur army base Nicolaevsky (now Nikolaievsk on-Amur ), where they established their expedition base. The autumn and winter, they explored the environs of the base and the shore of the island Sakhalin. In spring 1855, the team broke out to explore the Amur River, which they took boats to the mouth of the Ussuri up, which it in turn to mouth of the river followed by choir. In autumn they returned to their base camp at the mouth of the Amur. In the following winter took of Schrenck some excursions to the island of Sakhalin. In spring 1856, the group joined by land to the trip home to St. Petersburg, which they reached in January 1857. The results of the expedition published Leopold of Schrenck in the work travels and research in the Amur -Lande ( 1858-1900 ). From the Russian Geographical Society Konstantin him the medal was awarded. He also worked on the publication of the extensive series of contributions to the knowledge of the Russian Empire and adjacent countries in Asia.

In his later years turned from Schrenck the study of the indigenous peoples of Russia to. He was the first of the dictionaries to their languages ​​written ( Niwchen ( Gilyaks ), Golden ( Nanai ), Ainu and Ultschen ). Schrenk introduced the term " Paläoasiatische peoples " one of the earliest populations of Northeast Asia.

Since 10 November 1879 he was director of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in St. Petersburg.

A number of animals named after of Schrenck, including:

  • Notoacmea schrenckii (English Shrenck 's Limpet )
  • Acipenser schrenckii (German Amur sturgeon)
  • Elaphe schrenckii (German Amur - Natter )
  • Ixobrychus eurhythmus (German Mandschurendommel; . Engl Schrenck 's Bittern )
  • Amuriana schrenckii ( a butterfly )

Writings (selection )

  • About the lynx species of the North and their geographical distribution. A contribution to the zoological geography, dissertation Dorpat 1849
  • Travels and research in the Amur country in the years 1854-1856, 4 vols, St. Petersburg, 1858-1900 (in multiple deliveries ) Vol 1 and 2 Zoology
  • Vol 3 The peoples of the Amurlandes ( posthumously published Giljakischen and Goldisch - German glossaries were published by Wilhelm Grube )
  • Vol 4 Meteorological observations
Kharkov Governorate Khor River Ainu people Herbert Scurla Name Authority File
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