Linz Program of 1882
The program was a 1882 Linz in Linz -earned paper of the Austrian German nationalism. The document was titled " not liberal, not clerical, but nationally ," and urged the constitutional and economic unbundling of the different peoples Cisleithania, the closer integration of its German-speaking territories to the German Reich as well as freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and general democratization. It also contained some from today's perspective, socialist or social democratic translucent social reform proposals. Initiators and leaders of its elaboration were the politician Victor Adler and Georg von Schönerer, the politician and journalist Engelbert Pernerstorfer and the historian and journalist Heinrich Friedjung.
Was the Linz program originally a document broad consensus among anticlerical reformers different social and intellectual background, so it was after the divergence eagle and Schönerer and especially after the proposed 1885 by Schönerer addition of a so-called " Aryan paragraph " and other anti-Semitic regulations practically only of trailers Schönerer held high.
State Political demands
Core requirements of the Linz program was virtually complete separation of Cisleithania and Transleithania. The two halves of the empire were so called since the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 formally independent states, but not only had a common head of state and a common army, but also operated a common foreign policy and were especially economically intertwined. Many Austrians felt the regular subsidy payments made by the Austrian to the Hungarian half of the empire as fundamentally unjust or at least disproportionate, moreover, led faltering annual renegotiation repeated on economic and security blockades. According to the Linz program the dual role should remain as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, which filled in the respective head of the Habsburgs since 1867, received; apart from a rather vague and military support obligation, the two countries should be completely decoupled.
Similar to Hungary should also Galicia and Bukovina, two economically particularly weak crown lands of Austria, are released into the factual and formal ownership. The provinces of Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina should be provisionally ceded to Hungary, in the long term they should form a " Kingdom of the South Slavs " and are as such also emancipated together with the previously Hungarian -ruled Croatia. An implementation of these demands would have the remaining hull Cisleithania significantly relieved both politically and economically, in particular by the fact that the state had stripped her of nearly all his Poland and most of his " Eastern Jews " - people whose communities have contributed relatively little to the dynamics of the Austrian economy and other Austrians were extremely unpopular.
Austria would have essentially consisted only of his German, Czech and Slovene dominated crown lands. These areas were not only relatively wealthy and politically well-developed, it was mainly still well to note them that they were all parts of the 1806 defunct Holy Roman Empire. The implementation of the Linz program would have a closer connection or even a port of German Austria to the German Reich, the long-term goal of German nationalism, according to its authors significantly easier. As a first step towards uniting the Linz program provided for a customs union of Austria with the German Reich.
Social policy demands
In addition to his German national core the Linz program included demands for freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, secularization and expansion of the franchise to date which excluded social groups. In addition, the manifesto called for a comprehensive social reform; among others, should set up a state pension and accident insurance, women's and child labor are largely prohibited. The Linz program thus contained nearly all of the key demands until 1889 molded in Austria social democracy, but without inspired as Marxist or socialist to see.
Anti-Semitism
In its original form the Linz program was more general than specific chauvinistic anti-Jewish. Although his authors declared themselves to the view that it would be for Austria advantageous launch his round million Galician Jews from citizenship because they were culturally alien and economically inefficient, they represented the same assumption but also in terms of Catholic Poland and the Orthodox Ruthenians. To build a new state border of the proposal between the non- or hardly assimilated, mostly desperately poor " Eastern Jews " and the rest of Austria, was beyond even among many Jewish and Jewish -born residents westlicherer crownlands support. Among other co-authors also Adler and Friedjung were themselves Jewish descent.
Explicitly anti-Semitic was the 1885 revision published by Schönerer. Schönerer was 1882-1885 come to the conclusion that the " Jewish influence" on public life in Austria most pressing problem, the " essential " is " elimination " of this influence. Schönerer extended the Linz program to this effect to a provision that Jewish and Jewish -born people of any membership excluded in German national parties and clubs, as they the qualifications of character to participate in the German nation was denied. Schönerer broke not only with eagle and Friedjung, but also with many other German nationalists. Even Lueger, who represented a modern anti-Judaism, could not identify with Schönerer Aryan Paragraph.
Adler and Lueger not only rejected Schönerer revision, but turned over the 1880s also of the original version from. From the late 1880s the so-called Schonerians be known practically only the Linz program. By the time was forgotten that the Linz program was originally supported by later Social Democrats and Christian Socialists. In the public's memory, the paper became a specific schönerianischen from the beginning matter, instead of jointly developed version was now the arbitrarily extended version Schönerer as the real and actual Linz Programme.