Lipandra
Inflorescence a many-seeded crow's foot
The Vielsamige goosefoot ( Lipandra polysperma, Syn Chenopodium polyspermum ) is the only species in the genus Lipandra from the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). It is widely distributed in Europe, Western Asia and North America.
Features
These are annual herbaceous plants whose stems are 15-60 cm long. You can both upright as prostrate grow and are usually highly branched. The plants are neither hairy nor dusted floury and almost odorless.
The clearly stalked, ovate - elliptic front and rounded leaves of many-seeded goose foot are in contrast to those of most other pigweed species perfectly entire, and have a fresh green to yellowish green color. The leaf margin is, as the square stems, often crowded reddish. The lower leaves are opposite, then the upper alternate.
The also greenish to reddish flowers, which appear from July to September, are arranged in terminal and axillary spike- like inflorescences, which in turn consist of spherical partial inflorescences. The flowers are hermaphrodite or purely female. The perianth consists of ( four or ) five hautrandigen and ungekielten tepals, which are separated almost to the ground. In hermaphrodite flowers one to three ( or five ) stamens are present. The ovary bears two scars.
The reddish-brown to dark brown nut fruit are about 1 mm wide, and visible in the open, unchanged for fruit perianth time. The pericarp is membranous. The seed is horizontal, is rounded to flat - spherical and has a wavy striped seed coat.
The chromosome number is 2n = 18
Distribution and habitat requirements
The Vielsamige goosefoot comes in Europe and the temperate regions off West Asia. In various areas of North America it was introduced, there is thus a neophyte.
It grows on nutrient-rich, not too dry locations, for example on the banks of slow -moving or stagnant eutrophic waters. He is one of the characteristic species of plant communities: knotweed Shore corridor Societies ( Polygono - Chenopodietalia ) and dual- tooth - pond shore companies ( Bidention tripartitae ).
In addition, it is found, for example, on non- dry fields, waste places of fresh or as a " weed " in gardens.
System
The Vielsamige goosefoot belongs to the tribe Atripliceae within the subfamily Chenopodioideae.
The first description was in 1753 as Chenopodium polyspermum by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. After molecular genetic studies parted Fuentes - Bazan et al. (2012 ) the type of the genus Chenopodium from. The valid name for the genus level is Lipandra which by Alfred Moquin - Tandon 1840 in Chenopodearum monographica enumeratio (p.19. ) Has been described.
Synonyms of the genus Lipandra Moq. are Oligandra Less. 1835 (non Less. 1832), Gandriloa Steud. (nom. illeg. ) Oliganthera Endl. (nom. illeg. ), Chenopodium [ unranked ] polysperma Standlschmaus. and Chenopodium subsect. Polysperma ( Standl. ) Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants.
Synonyms of Lipandra polysperma (L.) P. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, based on the same type specimen are polyspermum Chenopodium L., Atriplex polysperma (L.) Crantz and vulvaria polysperma (L.) Bubani. As synonyms also Anserina betifolia Montandon, Chenopodium apply acutifolium Sm, Chenopodium acutifolium kit. ( nom Illegit. ), Chenopodium angustifolium Gilib. , Chenopodium bisaeriale Menyh. , Chenopodium marginatum Spreng. ex Hornem. , Chenopodium polispermum Neck., Chenopodium polyspermum var acutifolium ( Sm ) Gaudin, Chenopodium polyspermum spicatum var A.Gray, Lipandra atriplicoides ( Less. ) Moq. and Oligandra atriplicoides Less.
Use
The seeds of many-seeded crow's foot were formerly used as bait when fishing. Therefore, it is also sometimes called fish - goosefoot or fish alarm.
Swell
- Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (ed.): Exkursionsflora the territories of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Roth painter. 13th edition. Volume 2: vascular plants, people and knowledge, Berlin, 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2.
- Siegmund Seybold: Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book to determine the often wild and cultured vascular plants. Founded by Otto Schmeil, Jost hinge plates. 93 fully revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2.
- Siegfried Danert: Urania plant kingdom. The large colored Encyclopedia: Flowering plants first Urania, Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3-332-00496-4.
- Dietmar Brandes: Bidentetea companies. Internet publication, access on December 6, 2011.
- Gasquez J. (ed. ), J.-P. Lonchamp: HYpermédia pour la Protection des Plantes - Adventices - Chenopodium polyspermum. 2000 Internet publication, access on December 6, 2011.
- Botany in the picture / Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol: Chenopodium polyspermum. 2011 Internet publication, access on December 6, 2011.
- Joachim Schmitz Schmitz Botany page.
Rheinische plant communities.
Danube knotweed bank hall, Chenopodio - Polygonetum bittringeri
- Unites States Department for Agriculture (ed.): Plants Profile: Chenopodium polyspermum L. var obtusifolium Gaudich. USDA Internet publication, access on December 6, 2011.