Literary science

Literary studies is the academic study of literature. It comprises by common understanding subdivisions as the history of literature, literary criticism, literary interpretation, literary theory and scholarly editing. Historically, the literature has emerged

  • From university employment with ( rhetoric and ) poetry,
  • The study of the novel as an object of belles lettres and,
  • By name, from the study of " literature " - until the 19th century, the field of scientific publications.

In the literary tradition are among other things the dramatics and media studies.

  • 2.1 Older German Literature
  • 2.2 German Literature
  • 2.3 Literature in the Foreign Language Philology so-called
  • 2.4 Comparative Literature
  • 7.1 General Introductions
  • 7.2 History and Criticism of Literature
  • 7.3 encyclopedias
  • 7.4 History of Literature
  • 7.5 multiple reflection

Story of the 17th to the 19th century

Chairs of poetry and rhetoric

One reads sometimes, Johann Christoph Gottsched have occupied the first university chair of poetry. That is not correct, because chairs in the areas of poetry and rhetoric, there were in the philosophical faculties of European universities have long (document ?).

The academic discussion of poetry remained fixated on the poetics and had thus correspond to a discussion of the rules to which works of art in the various genres of poetry by Aristotle and his successors until the 18th century. Poetry in the national languages ​​was largely ignored compared to Latin poetry in the universities. The smallest room took in the 17th and 18th century date, with the opera centered place poetry production.

Non-university: The study of the novel

The novel was, not to poetry belonging, especially in the field of novel production itself investigations: in prefaces to novels and chapters that were built by their authors in novels, there to discuss the history of the genre and its qualities. For milestone has been published in this field in 1670 Pierre Daniel Huet's Treatise on the origin of the novels in 1670 as preface to Fayette Marie- Madeleine de La Zayde. The trained and skilled in the interpretation of texts Bishop of Avranches suggested groundbreaking, generally interpret novels and poetry as fiction against the background of specific cultural conditions to which they were descended. The existing scientific disciplines could abgewinnen the proposal little more profitable seemed well into the 18th century, a novel criticism that disqualified the entire genus rejected as morally.

The literature in the literal sense of the 17th and 18th century

The literature, the literature, by definition, the field of science, was developed as the science of the most important scientific publications and thus largely as a bibliographic project. Their work consisted essentially in the release of large scientific bibliographies. During the 18th century, this project has become increasingly questionable: bibliographies won in the 1770 compared to general surveys of the literature of all sciences prestige. The general project of literary history and literature survived by it opened in the late 18th century poetry discussion, which had itself opened to the middle of the 18th century, the novel discussion and thus greatly improved the attractiveness.

The Literature of the 19th Century

As was groundbreaking redefined in the 19th century in Germany, which was to be regarded as literature - in the center of the definition of the range of linguistic art of their respective nation - is transformed literary studies to a eminently political project. The technical term " German " rediscovered in the new tradition: Professionals in the field of jurisprudence, were trained in the reading of medieval German legal sources, were the first to secure the expertise, the corpus of national literature and critical appraisal to edit.

The newly defined literary studies made ​​in Europe school in a development in the German and French scientific experts middle of the 19th century made ​​the crucial requirements for literary histories of other countries.

Current Subdivisions

Older German Literature

The compartment Older German literature is a part of German Philology. The older German literature dealing with German literature from its beginnings in the early Middle Ages to the transition to modern times in 16-17. Century. It analyzes the medium and Old High German texts systematically according to genres and forms, materials and motifs, as well as historic by authors and eras.

For graduates of this course is no "typical" career fields can be recognized. There are quantitatively very limited professional activities in educational institutions, publishers, media, libraries, museums, cultural associations, in the Archives and Documentation and in public relations into account.

See also: Medieval Studies

German Literature

In modern German literature, theoretical foundations and methods for the study and interpretation of literary and non-literary texts, including plays and films include, developed and applied in German language from the 16th century. Literary periods and their historical change are explored and examined relationships between literary and other ( humanities or social history ) structures and conditions of production, distribution and reception of literature.

Recent German Literature Linguistics and Medieval Studies is next to the third discipline of field of study German at German universities.

New: For the purposes of latter day, refers to the literature and not on science. The first great work of modern German literature is considered in literary studies, the Ship of Fools ( 1494) by Sebastian Brant.

German: refers to the German language; Object of study is thus the German -language literature.

Science: Warns that the scientific reading of texts is not the Rezipieren is important, but mainly reflecting and observing the procedures. The scientific thinking about literature must be methodologically sound.

Literature in the foreign language philology so-called

See: English, American, Romance, Slavic, Oriental, Scandinavian

Comparative Literature

See: Comparative Literature

Methods and Theories

In the literature, various methods and theories have developed:

  • Narrative Theory ( Narrativistik )
  • Hermeneutics
  • Reception Aesthetics
  • Intertextuality
  • Russian formalism
  • Structuralism
  • Prague literary theory structuralism
  • Poststructuralism or neostructuralism
  • Discourse Analysis
  • Deconstruction (also called " deconstruction " )
  • Gender Studies
  • Comparative Literature
  • Empirical Literature
  • Quantitative Literature
  • System Theoretical Literature
  • Theory of the literary field
  • ( Ideology ) Critical Reading

Subdivision subject of the investigation

  • Narrative text analysis (see narrative theory )
  • Poetry analysis (see poem interpretation)
  • Metric analysis (see versification )
  • Play analysis ( see also dramatic theory, Closed and open form in the drama )
  • Speech analysis

Significant literary critic and literary theorist

Bibliographies

  • Bibliography of German Language and Literature ( " BDSL Online", known in the print edition as Eppelsheimer - Köttelwesch, is the most important Germanistic bibliography. Freely accessible, the report vintages from 1985 to 1995. Most German university libraries have a license for full access from the respective university network. )
  • Romanesque bibliography / bibliography novels / Romance Bibliography, Tübingen: Niemeyer 1961ff. (formerly Journal of Romance Philology ( ZrP ) supplements, Halle / Saale, then Tübingen 1875 et seq; period 1875-1913; 1924 et seq )
Text (literary theory) Oriental studies Empirical study of literature Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux Gérard Genette Péter Szondi World literature Research question Integrated Authority File
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