Maksim Kovalevsky

Maxim Maximowitsch Kowalewski (born 27 Augustjul / September 8 1851greg in the government of Kharkov, .. .. † 23 Märzjul / April 5 1916greg in Petrograd ) was a Russian sociologist, historian and jurist and professor at the State University of Saint Petersburg. He also worked in the fields of economics and ethnography, and one of the founders of sociology in Russia.

Kowalewski came from a noble family. He studied at the Law Faculty of the Kharkov University, then continued to 1876, his training abroad continued. From 1877 to 1887 he taught constitutional law and comparative legal history at Moscow University. In the following years he worked mostly abroad, lectured in Europe and America. Kowalewski 1901 belonged to the founders of the Russian Academy of Social Sciences in Paris. From 1905 until his death in the year he taught legal history at the University of Saint Petersburg - interrupted, however, by a seven-month internment in Austria, as surprised him the beginning of World War II in Carlsbad. Only the protest of many scientists and statesmen freed him.

The extensive area of ​​interest Kowalewski and his extensive work introduced him to many scientists of his time. Including Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, with whom he was friends. Both evaluated from Kowalewski work on community land ownership and the history of the family as the gentile society. The results were in Engels ' The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State one.

Kowalewski was active politically active. In 1906 he co-founded the ( numerically small ) party democratic reforms ( Партия Демократических Реформ ), which was close to the Cadets. He was elected in the Kharkov province in the first Duma (April-June 1906) and from 1907 was a very active member of the State Council.

Kowalewski was a Freemason and founded in 1887, the Paris Masonic Lodge Cosmos under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of France. Later he became a member of the lodge Fraternité of the Grand Orient de France. In 1906 he received a patent and thus the permission of the Grand Orient de France, then to establish Masonic lodges in Moscow and 1908 in Saint Petersburg in 1907. In 1909 he was in St. Petersburg Chapter Master of the Chapter Polaris.

For 1912 Kowalewski has been nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Works (selection)

  • Maxime Kovalevsky: The economic development of Europe until the beginning of the capitalist economy. Prague, Berlin 1901-1909 (4 volumes).
  • M. Kovalevsky: Tableau of the origines et de l' évolution de la famille et de la propriété. Stockholm 1890.
  • Maxime Kovalevsky: Modern Customs and Ancient Laws of Russia. Lawbook Exchange, Union, N. J. March 2000, ISBN 978-1584770176 (first published in 1886 in Moscow, 260 pages, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/econ/kovalm.htm ).
  • Maksim M. Kovalevskij: Obščinnoe zemlevladenie, pričiny, chod i posledstvija ego razloženija. Campus -Verlag, Frankfurt / M., New York 1977, ISBN 3-593-32165-3 ( The community land ownership - causes, course and consequences of its disintegration; First published in 1879, Russian).
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