Marienehe Charterhouse
The Charterhouse Marie marriage was the only monastery of the Carthusian Order in Mecklenburg. It was at the gates of the Hanseatic city of Rostock on the territory of the present district Marienehe in the Rostock district Schmarl and existed from 1396 until its dissolution during the Reformation in 1552. Charterhouses were in northern Germany rare, existing from the beginning of the 16th century, almost 200 monasteries were only six in northern Germany.
History
Marie marriage was called in the Middle Ages Mergene or Mergnew. This old Slavic name was up in the middle of the 19th century used by the population, and only then, the name used by the monks Marienehe prevailed.
Foundation
Mergnew to 1333 was a fief of the noble family of Barnekow, which then sold it to Rostock patricians. After coming out of an old patrician family Rostock Winold Baggel 1393 bought a half of the place, he acquired in 1395 and the other half to to sell these half shortly afterwards his father Mathias of Borken, also a patrician Rostock. In 1396 Winold Baggel donated together with Mathias of Borken the monastery. The foundation charter was issued on February 2, 1396. This is specifically the gift of Mary of Borken, Baggels woman mentioned. On February 27, 1396 granted Duke Albrecht III. his consent. The instrument is also of the place Mergene and Mergnew the speech. The Deed and the consent of the sovereign, the diocesan bishop are preserved in the original.
On March 7, 1396 Foundation from Schwerin Bishop Rudolph III was. confirmed in the presence of his auxiliary bishop John, the monastery gave an indulgence, it is exempt from episcopal jurisdiction and the donation added a house in the city of Rostock, which was called the New Hospital. Rudolf was a cousin of the Duke Albrecht III. and wanted to commemorate this support of the monastery of happy liberation of the Duke in 1395. This had been kept in military conflicts in Denmark under Margaret I caught seven years. Bishop Rudolf laid for the monastery set the name Heaven battlements but it prevailed not, instead of also christian reinterpreted from Mergene in the document name Marie marriage.
It is likely that the first monks of the Order in the Rostock house and found shelter in 1398 began construction of the monastery. For the first convention of the new settlement were monks from the Carthusian Erfurt, Hildesheim and Eisenach. On March 3, 1399 several Rostock, Schwerin and Parchimer citizens donated from a family of 11 Mark Rostock pennies annual income from the village Evershagen Marie marriage. The Charterhouse Marienehe belonged to the late 14th century to the late flowering of the Order.
In August 1404, the area was the occasion of a visitation by the priors of Carthusian monasteries Grunau and Nördlingen set, where the monks were allowed to move: With the permission of the Priors them was a space in the width of a door behind the choir up to the Warnow and allowed in the length of the village Marie marriage to the limit of the city of Rostock therefor, " should be proud no wives " here. The origin of the Visitors Lisch suggest that the first monks came from central Germany.
Work
During the next 100 years the monks of the Carthusian wirtschafteten successful. They acquired villages in Mecklenburg, including Schutow in Rostock, Sievershagen, Evershagen, Elmenhorst, Mönchhagen and Pastow, as well as villages in the vicinity of Stralsund in the Principality of Rügen as Devin, for the most part Muuks, Schmedeswurth Hagen, chief village, Teschenhagen, Brandshagen and Lüdershagen. On the island of Rügen Götemitz belonged to the monastery, as well as many smaller estates ( God, arms and frame houses ) and lease and interest income in Mecklenburg. In the 150 years of the Charterhouse were faced with 15 priors. The priors were, the great importance of the monastery accordingly, the Estates at.
The second generation of the monks of Marienehe knew mainly from studying in Prague. Eight documentary captured monks had there contact with the monks of the Carthusian of Prague Mariengarten. Heinrich Rezcekow of Ribnitz 1376 was a student at the University of Prague, in 1392 there Rector and after his ordination in 1400 Pries Tere Prior of Marie marriage. Henning Wacholt studied in Prague in 1392 and 1394 belonged to the negotiating group of the Rostock Hanse- end messenger Council in talks with the Teutonic Order. 1398 he was at the Marienkirche in Rostock, then 1404-1424 is documentary evidence as procurator for the external contacts of the Charterhouse Marienehe under the Prior Henry of Ribnitz. 1423 was another former student from Prague to Rostock Carthusians. The Lübeck- Hermann Schipmann studied in 1398 in Prague, from 1409 in Leipzig, where he was elected as professor of theology in 1422 as rector. In 1425 he was mentioned as vicar of the monastery.
Of great importance for the brothers in the foundation of the University of Rostock on 12 November 1419th The Carthusians worked scientifically, they were formed and employed in addition to the field work with the copying books. Copying of theological writings saw the Carthusians as a specific life purpose for the world, as they had to give up preaching the word yes. For both sides, an advantageous cooperation developed between the University and the Charterhouse. Evidence of the good cooperation is the definition in the statutes of the university, the firm wrote that in disputes between council of the university and the city council, which can not be beilgelegt by the employed arbitrators of both parties, the prior of the Charterhouse Marie marriage or the Abbot should be of the monastery Doberan umpire, whose decision should be respected at all times.
Around 1444 Baubschluss was with the consecration of the monastery church.
Another monastery was founded in the year 1462 was fruitful cooperation for the monks of the Charterhouse. The Brethren of the Common Life settled in Rostock city and built the Michaelis monastery. 1475 they founded here the first printing office in Mecklenburg. Evidence of the benefits for the Carthusian monks is the extensive library in Marienehe.
When in 1487 the establishment of a Domkollegiatstifts prevailed Magnus II of Mecklenburg against the will of Rostock authorities and then a long-standing dispute between Duke and the Council broke out, which was received as Rostock Domfehde in the story, the monks of Marienehe presented to the Council's side. Negotiations on the establishment of the chapter took place in Marie marriage.
Beginning of the Reformation
The Reformation in Mecklenburg Rostock took its beginning. She was promoted by the determination of large parts of the citizenry and the free spirit of the university. Already in 1523 began Joachim Slüter, chaplain at St. Peter's Church, Lutheran preaching. 1529 urged the citizenry it to allow evangelical preachers in all parish churches and the abolition of the " papist " was arranged services on 1 April 1531. 1534 were the Domonikanerkloster and the Franciscan Monastery, both were within the city, lifted and retracted. The Brethren of the Common Life also had to finish their brotherhood in 1531 and 1533 to provide the City Council. Since they reformed their foundation for the spirit, they retained their property and were instructed to perform a German school and set up new elementary schools.
During the difficult times of the Reformation was Marquard Behr prior of the monastery. Hailing from an aristocratic family Behr had taken office in 1525. In the year 1529 is demonstrably reported that Marie marriage was Catholic. On September 14, 1530, Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg, the monks of the Charterhouse Marie marriage because of their loyalty to their rules and devotion to the Emperor in " screen and conduct" and confirmed their rights and possessions. This took advantage of the monastery Marienehe nothing, because their livelihood was generated by the monks mainly through the operation of the house within the city walls and were thus delivered to the Council.
The case of Hans Prange
A rather trivial appearing debate about the negotiations of a runaway monk gave the expropriation aspirations of the city's new food. Already in 1491 the monk Hans Prange was convicted of disobedience and bad life to the usual prison sentence in Marienehe monastery, as explicitly which provided for rules of the Carthusians.
Through intercession of some Rostock relative Prange at Duke Magnus and Balthasar Prange was released from prison and swore an oath that he " had been held captive to the law and grace deserve only the improvement of his life to God's will." He wanted to improvement in the Charterhouse God's grace remain with Stettin, until he called again after Marie marriage.
In 1531, forty years later, he ran away from Stettin to Rostock. As the monks in Marienehe this became known, they demanded the return of apostates. Therefore, the City Council requested the Duke to the right to be able to act provisionally and sent the scholar Johann Oldendorp, the nobles, John of Herverden and the notary Lambert tackle Marienehe to negotiate.
On April 2, 1532 people gathered in the monastery for 'friendly interrogation. " With the three commissioners also about 40 Rostock citizens, including servants appeared and stood protectively in front of Prange. Marquard Behr declined with the harsh words, he is not negotiating with " the traitor and enemy of the cross of Christ" from further discussions and left the room. A complaint to the Priors of the violent and unseemly treatment dismissed the Council and forbade the monks to enter the city.
The Commission sued in a letter of 14 April, the monastery at Duke, as they denigrated by Marquard Behr, mocked and despised saw and threw the Prior of having insulted the Commission. According to the report of the Marie brothers wedding the Duke disapproved on 23 May the proceedings of the Council, accused the Commission guile and instructed that the " wanton prohibition " to enter the city would pick up again. The fate of Hans Prange nothing is further known and after this dispute, the Carthusians were for a time unmolested about their business.
End of the monastery
In the same year 1532 Duke Henry V decreed the abolition of the Catholic foundations in Mecklenburg. On May 12, 1533 the monks prohibited by the City Council, citizens, hear confessions and to give the sacrament. Since the Carthusians in the city still had many followers who did not follow this instruction, the Council complained to the Prior, but did not address it. He called on the contrary, by means of friendly mayors and councilors to find a solution, such as the Convention and the city enough could be done. Nevertheless, the Council in 1534 decreed after the monasteries were abolished within the city that no citizen, servant, guest or servants Marienehe, Biestow or Kessin could go to the fair, other event, of this a fine of ten florins to pay. Since that time, the Carthusians remained unmolested. This quiet time was facilitated by the fact that Duke Albrecht VII further clung to Catholic teaching.
Marquard Behr was trying to make with the help of some of his well-meaning patrician agreements, which should ensure the survival of the brothers. But if he gave the Stralsund Mayor Christoph Lorber and his brother Olof Lorber in an agreement dated June 16, 1550 a bond back to the obligation that the Carthusians interest rates, as long as one of them was alive to pay, after which rates to to use two -thirds of poor young women and clothing for poor people, one-third but to consume itself. This contract is one of the last official acts of the Carthusians have become known.
After Albrecht VII in 1547 and Henry V ( the Peaceable ) had died on 6 February 1552 the young Duke Johann Albrecht drew I. in March 1552 with 600 riders to Augsburg to get together with other allied princes against Charles V. for the Protestant cause to fight. Upon his departure, he gave the order repealing Mönchfeld monasteries, according to the March 6, the Cistercian monastery Dargun and on March 7 Doberan monastery were canceled. Since it was feared greater resistance in Marienehe monastery, they sent 300 " armed men on horseback and foot," who attacked the monastery and looted. The prior and the whole convent were " stripped of everything in the misery and unknown lands chased and sold ." In a protest letter dated January 13, 1553 reported that the " soldiers of the Prior and all his brothers, including the elderly, sick men, driven out by force and give them their clothes and bed gown was thrown at under a lot of mockery and insult ."
Marquard Behr fled, taking with the seal and some jewels in the friendly Ahrensbok monastery and continued to fight against the resolution. He also tried to interest income, for example, shares in a saline in Lüneburg, to save them from the grasp of the Duke. To this end, he was tireless traveling, so he settled on October 24, 1552 in Wismar accredited by the Council in a document from 1447, an apartment assured the son of the founder Baggel in the monastery, also here the foundation charter of 1396 was certified. On December 15, 1552, he met in Rostock with friends and relatives and sat at a notary an application on to their evidence the certified documents, as well as the escort and protection letter from the Emperor Charles V of 1530 and an umbrella letter of Duke Henry of 1537 should serve. In that action, he called for the restoration. The notary went with this suit to the Duke that made him turn away, comforted, and ultimately did nothing. In fact, he took over the ownership of the monastery and gave orders to throw the Prior and monks into prison. Against protested Marquard Behr " even miserably under the shedding of tears " on January 13, 1553 before the same notary. He complained now before the Supreme Court of Appeal, the appeal was heard on August 18, 1553 in Speyer. In the same year Michael Marquard Behr died. The remaining monks elected with Christian Westhof still a Prior, but reached by the slow pace of the court and the delaying tactics of the Duke no success. Multiple urged the monks to a decision, but this only led to the only statement in the court records of 1558 Anno 1557 nihil actum reperitur, so it nothing had happened, and the process to sleep.
The documents of the Charterhouse could still be determined by the last monks and in 1576 handed over the last Carthusian the charging document with approximately 400 certificates to the city of Rostock. They are deposited in the archives of the Hanseatic city of Rostock. Other documents are in the State Archives Schwerin as well as in the archives in Lübeck and Potsdam. Some manuscripts of the Rostock monks are in the libraries of Berlin, Prague, and Leipzig, and are indicative of former close ties there. The last Rostock monk appeared in 1576 in the Carthusian monastery at Hildesheim Marie.
After the repeal of the Charterhouse in 1552 Duke Johann Albrecht I was in the same year on October 19 the demolition order. The monastery was canceled in 1559 and the stones to build the Guestrower castle, which was burned down in 1557, used. Also Rostock private citizens were allowed to bring stones. The crash was so consistently carried out, that hardly anything was left. In 1861, only single stones found in a desolate area located between the Court Marienehe and Warnow, the area was called at that time a wilderness. The site was used as a royal Domänengut.
1583 documented Vicke Schorler in his monumental Abkontrafaktur the area of the former Carthusian monastery with the already partially torn church and demolished cloistered walls. Were also at the beginning of the 17th century still habitable buildings present, the Duke Ulrich used as an illegal coin for the fabrication of double shillings. On a landscape sketch 1617 by the architect Evert Gerth Pilooth only two buildings are located next to remains of the cloister. The former mill pond was filled in during the construction of the fishing port until 1948. Drawings by WF Knoop and the development status of the former monastery area in 1884 by the archivist Ludwig Krause are from the excavations in 1831 in the Heritage Office of Rostock. A detail of the Rostock Charterhouse Marienehe can be seen on the Carthusian triptych in the Germanic Museum in Nuremberg.
1934 acquired Ernst Heinkel the site to expand its aircraft division. During the Second World War severely damaged, residual industrial facilities were expanded to the fish combine with the harbor of today's fishing port and built over the former Kartausengelände of the Bert actuator polyclinic.