Maruyama ÅŒkyo

Maruyama Ōkyo (Japanese円 山 応 挙, actually圆 山 应 举; * June 12, 1733; † August 31, 1795 ) was a Japanese painter.

Life and work

Maruyama Ōkyo was born in Anou (today Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture ) and went in his youth to Kyoto. He began his artistic career in the studio of Owariya Kanbei, where he decorated dolls and moving west -influenced perspective images, called uki -e, framed. Through additional training for painters Yutei Ishida (1721-1786) Ōkyo learned in the style of Tsuruzawa School, a sub-branch of the Kano school, and secured its first orders of upstanding personalities from the aristocracy in Kyoto. Under the long-standing patronage of the abbot yūjo (1722-1773) in the temple Enman'in in Otsu Cities (now Shiga Prefecture ) Ōkyo grappled with concepts and techniques of Chinese, Japanese and Western art.

In his pictures he took on the Western naturalism, shadow and perspective technology and Eastern decorative design elements and design conventions back. In the last years of 1785-1795 Ōkyo focused on consuming Paneelmalereien in various temples such as the Daijoji in Kasumi, the Kongoji in his home town of Kameoka, or the residence of the Shinto shrine Kotohira- gū on Shikoku.

Maruyama also created a series of woodcuts in western perspective for viewing in proscenium. The series is printed in black and gray, but was often hand-colored. To appear correctly when viewed in the peep show, the sheets are printed mirrored.

He is considered the founder of the Maruyama - Shijō School, among others Goshun Matsumura (1752-1811), Nagasawa Rosetsu (1754-1799), Komai Genki (1747-1797), his son Ōzui (1766-1829) and Oku Bunmei (? -1813 ) belonged. Ōkyo and the Maruyama - Shijō School exerted great influence on the development of Nihonga painting of modern Japan.

Important works

• Unryu -to byobu ( "Dragon in the Clouds" ), 1773
• Toka -to byobu ( " wisteria " ), 1766 ( Nezu Museum, Tokyo)
• Yukimatsu -to byobu ( "Snow on pine trees " ) (Mitsui Memorial Museum, Tokyo), National Treasure (国宝, kokuhō ) appointed
• Mizu - nominated no Torah to ( "Water Drinking Tiger " ), 1782, Otani Memorial Art Museum, Nishinomiya
• Yuko to ( " Tiger"), 1787 ( Paneelmalereien in Kotohira- gū, Shikoku )
• Hato -to ( "waves" ), 1788 ( Paneelmalereien the temple Kongō -ji, to be kept in the National Museum Tokyo)

Swell

• Guth, Christine ME Art of Edo Japan: The Artist and the City 1615-1868. Harry N. Adams, Inc., New York 1996.
• Kanō Hiroyuki Minamoto Toyomune u (eds). Maruyama Ōkyo Gashu (2 volumes). Shinbunsha Kyoto, Kyoto 1997.
• McKelway, Matthew (eds.). Traditions Unbound: groundbraking Painters of Eighteenth - Century Kyoto. The Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, 2005.
• Sasaki Jōhei and Sasaki Masako. Maruyama Ōkyo Kenkyu (2 volumes). Chūō Coron Bijutsu Shuppan, Tōkyō 1996.