Micrococcaceae
Micrococcus luteus
The Micrococcaceae are a family of bacteria. The German name micrococci ( Germanized Plural from the Latinised singular Micrococcus, the μικρός from the two ancient Greek ingredients microphones, small ' and κόκκος KOKKOS, core ', ' grain ' composed ) is the common name of several species of gram-positive, immovable, aerobic, in the usually non-pathogenic bacteria ball is originally assigned to the genus Micrococcus, but is also used for the family of Micrococcaceae.
Characteristics and occurrence
The Gram-positive cells are arranged in clusters, clusters, pairs or short chains. Typical is their high GC content in the genome. Many " micrococci " are inhabitants of soils, sludges and surface water. Representatives of some species are often found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Some species are found in (particularly fermented ) foods and wear there in the flavor formation. In immunocompromised persons and in connection with implanted foreign bodies, for some agents, such as species of the genera Kocuria and Kytococcus described human infections.
Members of the genus Arthrobacter are typical soil inhabitants. They are of pleomorphic shape and particularly resistant to starvation and dehydration.
Changed system
Today's Family Micrococcaceae no longer identical in composition to the previous family of the same name. At this part, inter alia, the genus Staphylococcus, but that does not have closer phylogenetic relationship to the " micrococci ". The family Micrococcaceae inter alia the genera Kocuria, Micrococcus and Nesterenkonia be counted, which emerged in 1995 from the original genus Micrococcus. The genera Dermacoccus and Kytococcus were formerly attributed to the genus Micrococcus, but are now the Dermacoccaceae family belonging. Both families belong to the suborder Micrococcineae in the order Actinomycetales.
As part of the discovery of several new species of bacteria at the beginning of the 21st century, these were first in a new, separate family Yaniaceae fam. nov. (2005) classified, in Yaniellaceae fam. 2008 nov. (2008) has been renamed. However, these two families represent only synonyms for the Micrococcaceae family and the newly discovered bacteria of the genus Yaniella belong to the family Micrococcaceae.
The end of 2012 the family Micrococcaceae has been extended to a new genus Enteractinococcus. Enteractinococcus coprophilus Gen. nov., Sp. nov. is the name of the corresponding bacterial species pass from the feces of a South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis ) was isolated. The investigated strain of bacteria has the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics on differences to the genera described so far, so it is classified as a new species in a new genus. As a result of these investigations, the bacteria described Yaniella 2011 fodinae now as Enteractinococcus also fodinae this new genus assigned.
Taxonomy
Phylum Actinobacteria
- Class Actinobacteria Subclass Actinobacteridae order Actinomycetales Subordination Micrococcinae Family Micrococcaceae genus Acaricomes Acaricomes phytoseiuli Pukall et al. 2006
- Arthrobacter agilis ( Ali -Cohen 1889), Koch et al. 1995 [ formerly Micrococcus agilis ]
- Citricoccus alkalitolerans Li et al. 2005 emend. Schafer et al. 2010
- Citricoccus muralis Altenburger et al. 2002
- Citricoccus nitrophenolicus Nielsen et al. 2012
- Citricoccus parietis Schäfer et al. 2010
- Citricoccus zhacaiensis Meng et al. 2010
- Enteractinococcus coprophilus Cao et al. 2012
- Enteractinococcus fodinae ( Dhanjal et al., 2011 ), Cao et al. 2012 [ formerly Yaniella fodinae ]
- Kocuria aegyptia Li et al. 2006
- Kocuria atrinae Park et al. 2010
- Kocuria carniphila Tvrzová et al. 2005
- Kocuria flava Zhou et al. 2008
- Kocuria gwangalliensis Seo et al. 2009
- Kocuria halotolerans Tang et al. 2009
- Kocuria himachalensis Mayilraj et al. 2006
- Kocuria koreensis Park et al. 2010
- Kocuria kristinae ( Kloos et al. 1974) Stackebrandt et al. 1995 [ formerly Micrococcus kristinae ]
- Kocuria marina Kim et al. 2004
- Kocuria palustris Kovács et al. 1999
- Kocuria polaris Reddy et al. 2003
- Kocuria rhizophila Kovács et al. 1999
- Kocuria rosea ( Flügge 1886) Stackebrandt et al. 1995 [ formerly Micrococcus roseus ]
- Kocuria salsicia Yun et al. 2011
- Kocuria turfanensis Zhou et al. 2008
- Kocuria varians ( Migula 1900) Stackebrandt et al. 1995 [ formerly Micrococcus varians ]
- Micrococcus antarcticus Liu et al. 2000
- Micrococcus cohnii Rieser et al. 2013
- Micrococcus endophyticus Chen et al. 2009
- Micrococcus flavus Liu et al. 2007
- Micrococcus lactis Chittpurna et al. 2011
- Micrococcus lylae Kloos et al. 1974 ( Approved Lists 1980) emend. Wieser et al. 2002
- Micrococcus terreus Zhang et al. 2010
- Micrococcus yunnanensis Zhao et al. 2009
- Nesterenkonia aethiopica Delgado et al. 2006
- Nesterenkonia alba Luo et al. 2009
- Nesterenkonia flava Luo et al. 2008
- Nesterenkonia halobia ( Onishi & Kamekura 1972) Stackebrandt et al. 1995 [ formerly Micrococcus halobius ]
- Nesterenkonia halophila Li et al. 2008
- Nesterenkonia halotolerans Li et al. 2004
- Nesterenkonia jeotgali Yoon et al. 2006
- Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis Collins et al. 2002
- Nesterenkonia lutea Li et al. 2005
- Nesterenkonia sandarakina Li et al. 2005
- Nesterenkonia suensis Govender et al. 2013
- Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis Li et al. 2004
- Renibacterium salmoninarum Sanders & Fryer 1980
- Rothia aeria Li et al. 2004
- Rothia amarae Fan et al. 2002
- Rothia dentocariosa ( Onishi 1949) Georg & Brown 1967 ( Approved Lists 1980) emend. Daneshvar et al. 2004
- Rothia mucilaginosa ( Bergan & Kocur, 1982) Collins et al. 2000 [ formerly Stomatococcus mucilaginosusbzw. Micrococcus mucilaginosus ]
- Rothia nasimurium Collins et al. 2000
- Rothia terrae Chou et al. 2008
- Sino Monas atrocyanea ( Kuhn and Starr 1960), Zhou et al. 2009 [ formerly Arthrobacter atrocyaneus ]
- Sino Monas flava Zhou et al. 2009
- Sino Monas solo Zhou et al. 2012
- Tersicoccus phoenicis Vaishampayan, et al., 2013
- Yaniella flava (Li et al. 2005), Li et al. 2008
- Yaniella halotolerans (Li et al. 2004), Li et al. 2008
- Yaniella solo Chen et al. 2012
- Zhihengliuella aestuarii Baik et al. 2011
- Zhihengliuella alba Tang et al. 2009
- Zhihengliuella halotolerans Zhang et al. 2007
- Zhihengliuella salsuginis Chen et al. 2012
- Genus Branchiibius Branchiibius cervicis Tomida et al. 2013
- Branchiibius hedensis Sugimoto et al. 2011
- Calidifontibacter indicus Ruckmani et al. 2011
- Demetria terragena Groth et al. 1997
- Dermacoccus abyssi Pathom - aree et al. 2006
- Dermacoccus barathri Pathom - aree et al. 2006
- Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis ( Oda 1935) Stackebrandt et al. 1995 [ formerly Micrococcus nishinomiyaensis ]
- Dermacoccus profundi Pathom - aree et al. 2006
- Flexivirga alba Anzai et al. 2012
- Kytococcus aerolatus fighters et al. 2009
- Kytococcus schroeteri Becker et al. 2002
- Kytococcus sedentarius ( ZoBell & Upham 1944) Stackebrandt et al. 1995 [ formerly Micrococcus sedentarius ]
- Yimella lutea Tang et al. 2010