Microsporidia

Fibrillanosema crangonycis

The microsporidia, even Microspora, are unicellular, belonging to the eukaryotic parasites. A relationship to the fungi is given. You can reach a size of a few microns (2-12 microns ). Microspora usually parasitize intracellularly with representatives of many phyla. A transfer is made by recording single-celled spores ( usually oral).

Features

The spore wall is non-porous and multilayered, it encloses the cytoplasm (mostly mononuclear ). Microspora have no mitochondria. In addition to a Apicalregion, some Polaroplasten and the nucleus, a pile thread is characteristic. This is ausschleuderbar wound in the spore interior. It can be up to 400 microns long and serves the infection. Depending on the design of this extrusion apparatus in Microsporea (derived from the Golgi apparatus ) and Rudimicrosporea distinguished ( in gregarines ).

Propagation

If the spore ingested by a suitable host in the intestine of the pile yarn is spun ( by increasing the pressure in the spore interior ). This is now fixed on the cell membrane of the intestinal epithelium. Since the thread is hollow, penetrates the sporoplasm into the Wirtszellencytoplasma. Now it comes to asexual reproduction ( merogony ) and finally to the asexual formation of new communicable spores ( sporogony ). The newly formed spores usually enter through the feces, or after the death of the host into the open again.

Important parasites and their hosts

  • Glugea spp. in fish
  • Glugea anomala at sticklebacks
  • Nosema apis in honeybees
  • Septata sp. in people with immunodeficiency
  • Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits, dogs and mice
  • Telohania conte jani in Crustacea

Microsporidiosis is the generic term for diseases by these organisms.

Systematics and Nomenclature

The nomenclatural status of microsporidia is not unique. They were treated as root in the International Regulations for Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN ), but there is confusion about the correct author citation. It is also doubtful whether the name is valid according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ( ICBN ). The affiliation of microsporidia to fungi and, therefore, the jurisdiction of the ICBN has only recently revealed. The assignment to Balbiani (CR Acad Sci Paris 95. S. 1168, 1882) is therefore provisional.

Opisthokont Digital Object Identifier
570661
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