Międzybórz
Międzybórz ( German Neumittelwalde until 1886 Medzibor ) is a small town in southwestern Poland. It belongs to the powiat Oleśnicki in the Province of Lower Silesia, located about 60 km north-east of Breslau, and 40 km southwest of Ostrow Wielkopolski and is the seat of the homonymous urban and rural community.
- 6.1 External links
- 6.2 footnotes
Geography and transport
Międzybórz located in the extreme north-east of Lower Silesia directly on the border with Greater Poland. The municipal area extends over the eastern foothills of the Lower Silesian mountain range Wzgórza Trzebnickie ( Trebnitzer ridge ), which merges here in the Greater Polish ridge Wzgórza Ostrzeszowskie and is densely forested. The city is surrounded within a radius of 10-15 kilometers of extensive mixed forests. The highest point of the municipality is located at 272 m npm
By Międzybórz the main line of the railway from Breslau runs over Kalisz and Lodz to Warsaw, the kink here at a 90- degree angle to the north. Until the Second World War was Międzybórz border station at the former German -Polish border. The nearest major town is Oleśnica, it lies approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Międzybórz.
History
Międzybórz was first mentioned in the year 1228. The spelling of the name varied, handed the forms Mechobocz (1310 ), Meczebor ( 1376 ) and finally Medzibor (1637 ). A Eindeutschung in Neumittelwalde only took place in 1886; the name Medzibor / Międzybórz means " between woods ".
As part of Silesia Medzibor shared his story over the centuries -. Of the Piast beginnings on the inclusion in Bohemia, Prussia and the German Empire until the transition to Poland 1945 The later city grew out of a tavern and a collection of artisan cottages, was in 1228 first mentioned, and was initially focus its own rule within Silesia with a large fortified manor, which burnt down in the 18th century. Among other things, Medzibor was in the possession of those of Prittwitz. In 1599 it fell to the former Piast Duchy of oil. Duke Heinrich Wenzel awarded on May 6, 1637 Medzibor city rights. From 1649 to 1884 the Duchy was Oels as a by- Württemberg possession first and then brunswick - Lüneburg princes. From the 19th century the family of Budde Brock was wealthy in Medzibor.
In contrast to most of the places in Lower Silesia Medzibor district United Wartenberg its Polish character until the 20th century preserved in and the place passed a German and a Polish Protestant church. The originating from the time of the Polish Renaissance tradition of religious tolerance was continued. In the 17th century there appeared an important hymnal for Polish Protestants, the Kancjonał Międzyborski of evangelical clergyman Samuel Kret. In the 19th century the local Protestant pastor Nowiny Szląskie and Polish patriotic publicist Jerzy Badura was out here and in Wroclaw, a weekly newspaper for the Polish-speaking Protestants of the German Empire now belong Lower Silesia. After Jerzy Badura, who is buried in Międzybórz, the elementary school of the city was named.
As a result of the Versailles Treaty, the northeast part of the district United Wartenberg was ceded to Poland in 1920 without referendum - namely the renamed Neumittelwalde Medzibor remained in Germany, but became a border city.
After the Second World War Neumittelwalde fell to Poland and received official place name Międzybórz. Subsequently, it became a regional center of gravity of the wood processing industry. From 1975 to 1998, the city of Kalisz Voivodeship belonged to, since it lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship. In Ostrow Wielkopolski and in the former Evangelical Church of Międzybórz takes place every year the Industrial and Ambient Festival Bez kontroli / Temple of Silence.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms, first introduced in the 17th century by Międzybórz shows a tree with exposed roots and the St. Andrew's cross. Before the Reformation, the Apostle Andrew patron was later Protestant parish church.
Culture and sights
- Neoclassical former evangelical parish church ( rebuilt in 18th century )
- Neo-Gothic Catholic Parish Church of St. Joseph ( 1894)
- Remains of fortifications from the 14th century
- Received fragments of the old Protestant cemetery with the "defenders of Polish ," the pastors Robert Fiedler and Jerzy Badura, restored tombs.
Community
The urban and rural community is adjacent to the city Międzybórz still from the following 13 localities with a mayor's office:
- Bąków ( bunkai; 1937-1945 Gruenbach )
- Bukovina Sycowska ( Bukowine; 1937-1945 Buchhain )
- Dziesławice ( thistle joke)
- Hałdrychowice (small Ulbersdorf )
- Kamien (Polish stones; 1939-1945 Beautiful stones)
- Klonów ( Klenowe )
- Kraszów ( Kraschen )
- Królewska Wola ( King 's will )
- Ligota Rybińska ( Ellguth - Rippin; Ostfelde 1937-1945 )
- Niwki Kraszowskie ( Kraschen - Niefken; 1937-1945 country stop)
- Niwki Książęce ( Princely Niefken )
- Oska Pila ( Charlotte area)
Personalities
- Paul Bojack (1913-2008), artist