Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin

Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin (Russian: Михаил Степанович Воронин, born June 21, 1838 in Saint Petersburg, † February 20, 1903 ) was a Russian botanist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Voronin ".

Life and work

The scion of a wealthy merchant family was taught by private tutors, including Nikolai Chernyshevsky Gawrilowitsch, who later became known as a poet. Voronin had a special talent for foreign languages, under which he mastered French, German and English.

From 1854 he studied science and particularly botany at the University of St. Petersburg, where Lev Semenovich Zenkowski was his teacher. He studied in St. Petersburg especially with higher plants and fungi. He then studied at the University of Heidelberg and at the recommendation of Anton de Bary Zenkowski at the University of Freiburg. In Freiburg he studied anatomical questions to Calycanthus what he was in his first publication in the " Botanical newspaper " reported in 1860.

In 1860 he moved to Antibes, where he conducted research in the laboratory of Algologen Gustave Adolphe Thuret on the occurring in the Mediterranean alga Acetabularia. His interest was the ontogeny of this species of algae, on which he also wrote his master's thesis entitled Investigations of sea algae. In 1861 he defended his doctoral dissertation at the University of St. Petersburg successfully.

Already during his first stay in Freiburg, Voronin employed in addition to his work on Calycanthus with the fungal genus Monilia. After he was able to open a private laboratory with the means of his family, he turned to the study of these fungi. As he came forth only limited his research, he turned to de Bary and came back in 1863 to Freiburg, where he worked on the development of Monilia as well as with the other Pilztaxa.

Back in St. Petersburg, he explored the root Elan swelling of lupines, where he discovered with the aid of thin sections under the microscope, that these are filled with bacteria, for which he coined the term nodule bacteria. He could also show that the roots were infected by both legumes and alder with the bacteria and only then form the nodules. He also postulated that bacteria and fungi can also occur as pathogens of plants. He also attributed the known changes in cranberry leaves to infection with a fungus of the commons cranberry Nacktbasidie ​​( Exobasidium vaccinii ) of a type which he described for the first time. This result represents the starting point of many other investigations on fungal phytopathology

1866 Voronin was back in Freiburg in de Bary and worked together with the latter on the fundamental work of Mycology "Contributions to the morphology and physiology of mushrooms", which was published in numerous volumes, 1866-1882. In collaboration with de Bary Voronin explored in Freiburg, among other fungi from different groups, so the order of the Chytridiales or the genera Ascobolus and Mucor.

In the period around 1860-1870 Voronin again worked in the field of plant pathology. He discovered important laws in rust fungi on sunflower and clubroot. Because of his discoveries, he recommended the sunflower in rotation grow.

From 1869 to 1870 he was Associate Professor of Mycology at the University of St. Petersburg and taught from 1873 to 1875 at the newly founded Zenskie medicinskie kursy in St. Petersburg cytology and mycology. From 1898 he was Head of the Section of botany, anatomy and physiology of plants of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.

Voronin is the founder of the well-known in professional circles Freshwater Biological Station on Bologoje Lake.

Honors

Swell

  • Ilse Jahn: history of botany. Spectrum -Verlag, 2000.

Writings

  • About occurring in the black alder ( Alnus glutinosa) and in ordinary garden lupine ( Lupinus mutabilis ) Wurz Elan swelling. In: Memoires de l' Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. VII Series, vol. X., 1866
  • Contribution to the knowledge of the Vaucherien. In: Botanical newspaper 27 born in 1869, No. 9 of 26 February 1869 Sp 137-144 and No. 10 of 5 March 1869 Sp 153-160
  • Sclerotinia heteroica. In: Journal of Plant Diseases. 6: 129-140, 199-207, 1896 ( with S. Nawaschin )
  • About the Sclerotienkrankheit the Vaccinieen berries. Evolutionary history of these disease -causing Sclerotinieae. In: Memoires de l' Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Pétersbourg, VII série, 36 (6): 1-49, 1888
  • The Sclerotienkrankheit the common black cherry and mountain ash. ( Sclerotinia padi and Sclerotinia aucupariae ). In: Memoires de l' Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Pétersbourg. VIII série, 2 ( 1): 1-27, 1895
  • About Sclerotinia cinerea and Sclerotinia fructigena. In: Memoires de l' Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Pétersbourg. VIII série, 10 ( 5): 1-38, 1900
Heinrich Anton de Bary Gustave Thuret International Plant Names Index
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