Millî Görüş

Millî Görüş (often Milli Görüş written; German: National Vision) is a cross-national active Islamic movement, the most important organization vehicles are the Turkish Saadet Partisi party and the European umbrella organization Islamic Community Milli Görüş. In addition to the focus on Europe Millî Görüş is also active in North America, Australia and Central Asia. In many states and countries Millî Görüş is controversial because of Islamist tendencies. The Ministries of the Interior of North Rhine -Westphalia and Baden -Württemberg in the movement anti-Semitic traits and among other things, thus a clear opposition to the democratic order. Processes that Millî Görüş has led to these findings have been lost by their followers. The Federal Office for Protection of the Constitution comes to the conclusion that Millî Görüş show an anti-democratic notion of the state as well as western democracies reject.

• 2.1 Islam
• 2.2 Anti-Semitism

• 3.1 policy
• 3.2 mosque associations
• 3.3 Education

• 4.1 Turkey: Parties
• 4.2 Diaspora: Clubs 4.2.1 Germany
• 4.2.2 The Netherlands
• 4.2.3 France
• 4.2.4 Austria
• 4.2.5 Switzerland

• 5.1 Anti-democratic tendencies
• 5.2 Economic interdependence
• 5.3 Alleged connections to violent Islamism

History

Historically and ideologically Millî Görüş is mainly connected with the Turkish politician Necmettin Erbakan, in 1973 a book entitled "Milli Görüş " published. The title means " National View ".

Erbakan to the terms " Milli Görüş " and " Adil Düzen " have introduced ( Just Order ) in the Turkish- Islamist debate, because in itself as a secular understanding Turkey, the propagation of an " Islamic order" ( Nizam Islami ) party ban and criminal penalties for could result. The propagated by the Milli Görüş movement - " Just Order " is intended to include a comprehensive social, economic and political control system based on Islamic basis.

1970s: Rise of the movement

Outside of Turkey Millî Görüş began in the early 1970s, labor migrants ( "guest workers" ) primarily to recruit from rural areas of Turkey. In Germany the first milli - Görüş organization was founded in 1972 in Braunschweig under the name " Turkish Union Germany ", followed by, which was founded in Cologne in 1976 the "Turkish Union Europe ". In 1982 it was renamed the " Islamic Union of Europe ".

1980s: crisis and first cleavage

The Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 and the beginning of the Afghan civil war in the previous year marked a first ideological turn of Millî Görüş, the increasingly radicalized in the sequence. While Erbakan was in prison, Turkish nationalism developed in other European countries much more radical than in Turkey itself Underneath broke the non- Turkish Millî Görüş 1983 into two camps, one of which radikalisiertere part of the municipality Cemaleddin Kaplan, the later Caliphate State transgressed; Millî Görüş so lost about two-thirds of their communities. The Islamic Union sank into insignificance in the sequence; 1985 was practically as its successor the Avrupa Milli Görüş Teşkilatı established that represented by the mid- 1990s the mainstream of the movement.

1990s: reorganization and modernization

1995, the AMGT split into two organizations: The newly formed successor organization Islamic Community Millî Görüş ( IGMG ) took over in terms of the social, political and religious activities, the function of the umbrella organization of the Milli Görüş - clubs in the European diaspora; for the mosque and financial matters, the European mosque and Assistance Community ( EMUG ) was built.

After September 11, 2001: Re- splitting and exit out of the isolation in the Diaspora

In Turkey, the political organization of the movement split after the ban of the FP in 2001 into two parties. The traditionalist wing to Erbakan founded the now shrunken to small Saadet Partisi Party ( SP), the reform wing of the later ruling party Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi. This split also led to tensions within the IGMG. September 11, 2001 represented another turning point for Milli Görüş especially in the Diaspora, as the organizations of the movement now stepped out of their social isolation in the migration countries. So went At least in Germany accompanied by a generational change in the leadership of the movement organizations, from now on certain German-Turkish Bildungsbürgertum the ideological course of the movement.

Ideology

The ideology of Millî Görüş was vague from the beginning, so that the movement founder Erbakan was the central figure of integration. To date, Milli Görüş has remained a melting pot of different people groups and ideologies.

Islam

The most important ideological commonality is the reference to Islam. This goes so far that the ideology of the movement, according to many social scientists Islamist is marked, although the IGMG today adopted from earlier theocratic claims. This image of Millî Görüş also characterizes the reception in the European public: the Dutch magazine Elsevier are the head of the IGMG Germany as "very conservative " and " militant ".

Anti-Semitism

Another ideological staple of the movement is anti-Semitism. However, the leadership of the IGMG has now publicly distanced itself from anti-Semitism and condemn this, although parts of the movement still convey an anti-Semitic and antifreimaurerisches worldview.

Forms of action

Policy

In Turkey, the Milli Görüş movement - is with the small party, the Saadet Partisi, represented. In Europe, the Milli Görüş movement - is never organized as a political party.

Mosque associations

Construction and operation of mosques is the most important goal of the European diaspora associations. Some mosque associations focus in recent years in the center of the public debate about Millî Görüş, such as 2004, the Kreuzberg Mevlana Mosque.

Education

Millî Görüş awards for several years scholarships to Turkish students who want to study because of the headscarf ban at Turkish state-owned universities in Europe.

Organization field

The number of Milli Görüş - trailer is difficult to estimate. Mid-1990s, the AMGT had about 70,000 members in the European diaspora.

The structure of the Milli Görüş movement - is complex. The reason for this is seen by some observers is that the ideology Necmettin Erbakan to several bannings ( and subsequently start-ups) has led the Turkish Political Parties Act and prohibits foreign organizations.

Millî Görüş has a dual organizational structure: In Turkey, especially parties are organizing authority, in the countries of the Turkish diaspora are various clubs, the most important organizations of the movement, who are represented next to Germany, especially in France, the Netherlands and Austria. Smaller branches maintains Milli Görüş in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, England, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland.

Turkey: Parties

In Turkey, the most important organizational support of the Milli Görüş beginning of political parties have been. These were the 1970 by Necmettin Erbakan founded Milli Nizam Partisi (MNP ), which was founded in 1973 Millî Selamet Partisi (MSP), Refah Partisi which was founded in 1987 (RP ) and the Fazilet founded in 1997. Currently the SP and parts of the ACP sponsoring organizations. At least the SP maintains contacts with the IGMG.

Diaspora: Clubs

Outside of Turkey is formed mostly in the IGMG mosque associations organized the most important organizational backbone of Millî Görü. The IGMG care claims to be Europe's 87,000 members in 514 mosques (as of 2005) and thus exerts mainly in Germany a major impact on the resident Muslims. There are also a number of community organizations, such as women, students and youth associations. The property IGMG be managed by the European mosques and support organization ( EMUG ).

Germany

In Germany the IGMG is headquartered in Kerpen, the largest organization of Millî Görü. It serves 8 % of German mosques, making it next to the Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs of the most important Muslim organization in Germany. The exact number of members is not known: According to the company, it has 57,000 members; the German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, however, believed only 27,000 members in Germany in 2007. In contrast, an empirical estimate of 2000 assumes approximately 80,000 members. The number of community members in Germany is estimated in 2005 to total 230,000.

In May 2011, Ergün Kemal was elected as Chairman, Secretary General is Oğuz Üçüncü ..

In Berlin, the IGMG has a number of staff closely related organizations, such as the Islamic Federation of Berlin.

The IGMG is the largest member of the Islamic Council for the Federal Republic of Germany, one of the Muslim umbrella organizations in Germany and through this indirectly also a member of the Coordination Council of Muslims in Germany. To Millî Görüş and the Islamic Council also includes the Islamic Federation of Baden- Württemberg, the Islamic Federation in Bavaria, the Islamic Federation of Lower Saxony and the Muslim social work in Europe.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, Milli Görüş in 2006 had about 30,000 followers and operates 23 own mosques; The Dutch part of the IGMG should be more liberal and reform-oriented aligned when the German sister organizations. Known representative of Millî Görüş in the Netherlands is the long -time CEO Haci Karacaer.

France

Due to the structure of immigrants Millî Görüş is weakly represented in France; introduced at elections to the Conseil français du culte musulman to the movement only in Paris and the Auvergne list compounds with the Algerian -dominated Grande Mosquée de Paris, they received there between 30 % and 50 % of the vote.

Austria

In Austria takes place IGMG the Islamic Federation coordination of Millî Görüş Mosque clubs. Here Millî Görüş should be represented by 30 local associations.

Switzerland

In Switzerland Millî Görüş care mosques, especially in the German-speaking part.

Mass media

Millî Görüş transports its ideology on a number of mass media, including newspapers Milli Gazette, Yeni Haraket and Anadoluda Vakit and the TV channel TV5.

Milli Gazette is the semi-official mouthpiece of Millî Görü.

The now banned in Germany newspaper Anadoluda Vakit was close to for information of the Hessian constitution protection of Milli Görüş.

Reception

Millî Görüş in all countries where it is active, exceptionally controversial: In Turkey, a number of their parties was outlawed, the OPCs of the federal and state governments monitor the organization. However, the social anthropologist Werner Auer ship interpreted latter response to Millî Görüş under an Islamophobic Moral Panic and suggested that " virtually any action " of Millî Görüş would be used by the Constitutional protection against them.

In addition to criticism of " inscrutable club links " Millî Görüş is accused of the following:

Anti-democratic tendencies

Because of the focus on Islam and assumed out of institutional objectives Millî Görüş is accused of hostility to democracy, especially from Germany and Turkey. So may IGMG officials in accordance with a decision of the Administrative Court in Mannheim because of " democracy hazard" not be naturalized in Germany. In addition to the outlined above anti-Semitism primarily Islamism and nationalism in Germany and accusations are made to justify the opposition to democracy.

German domestic intelligence organs throw Millî Görüş before an " ideological interpretation" of Islam. The goal is " to overcome the Western order and replace it with an Islamic polity. " At the General Assembly of the IGMG in April 2001, Erbakan had indicated the Islamization of Europe by Muslim immigration. Explained, even after the death of Erbakan in 2011 the new leader Mustafa Kamalak: " The Millî Görüş movement is in the direction set by our leaders goals - to march with the same determination - the creation of a new large turkey and a New World. " (Website of the SP 7 March 2011)

According to German constitutional protection authorities Millî Görüş is also characterized by a specific Turkish nationalism.

Economic interdependence

In the 1990s Millî Görüş complications were rumored in the " Yimpas Affair." Members and officials of Milli Görüş to have recruited in mosques and Islamic associations specifically for so-called "Islamic Holdings ". In the Mevlana Mosque in Berlin was openly campaigned for the acquisition of shares in profits dubious Islamic Holdings. The percolated funds should have formed the financial and political base of today's ruling AKP party among others.

Alleged links to violent Islamism

Since March 2009 it was announced that the Munich public prosecutor against the German IGMG Ücüncü Secretary General and other officials of Islamic organizations identified on suspicion of forming a criminal association. They were accused to have collected in Germany illegally money for forwarding to militant Islamist groups such as Hamas. This should in particular have been spent abroad membership fees and donations. In addition, the tax authorities about the actual financial situation of the Association should have been deceived. But the community of insured should have been harmed by withheld and misappropriated social security contributions. In the course of several mosques and also the headquarters of the association were in Kerpen, just after the referendum to ban minarets in Switzerland, Germany raided by police and customs.

The charges were dropped in September 2010 and investigations completely set. The Secretary-General of the IGMG commented, with the words: " the process had apparently politically motivated ".