Minister-President
As Minister President or Prime Minister is generally described as the political head of government in parliamentary or semi-presidential states.
In Germany, the Prime Minister, the head of government of a country, a function that is called in Austria Governor. The Government of the Federal hot in both States, however, Chancellor.
In contrast to this meaning of the Government with its far- reaching powers of the title Prime Minister is, in some presidential systems of government (examples: Peru or China) used to describe a government official. Whose duties consist solely then in the implementation of the directives of the President, as well as in the administration of public administration.
An " intermediate form " between presidential and parliamentary systems is the semi-presidential system of government in which the head of state and " head of government " both have a stake in the governance. A situation in such a system of government in which members of the president and prime minister different political directions is called cohabitation.
The female form is Prime Minister and Prime Minister. The salutation formula for women is " woman prime minister " for men or " Prime Minister ".
Designations
The names of Prime Minister and Prime Minister are used as a translation for the offices in non-German speaking countries synonymously as a rule, with Prime Minister rather then prevails when the source language already used an appropriate word formation.
- The British Prime Minister is usually referred to as the " Prime Minister " in German.
- The Government of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno, " President of the Government") and Italy (Presidente del Consiglio [ dei Ministri ], " President of the Council " ) are usually referred to as the " Prime Minister ".
- In the French case ( Premier ministre, " first minister " ) keep the Germans both forms in the use of the scale. (Note: in France is not the prime minister of the most powerful man in the state, but the state president)
- In Hungary, ie, the respective head of government miniszterelnök, which translates literally as " Prime Minister " is.
- In Finland, the official language designations pääministeri ( Finnish), literally meaning " chief minister ", or statsminister ( Swedish), literally, " Minister of State ", in German the official title is translated both as " Prime Minister " as well as " Prime Minister ". The term statsminister for the head of government is used in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
- The Irish Taoiseach word, which is also used in Irish English for their own Prime Minister, actually means " chieftain "; the prime ministers of other countries called in Irish príomh - aire, meaning " prime minister ".
- In the Netherlands it says minister -president.
- In Belgium it is called Eerste minister (Dutch ) Premier ministre (French) or Prime Minister ( German ) at the federal level; Minister -president ( Dutch), ministre - président (French) or Prime Minister on regional or Community level.
- In Turkey it is called Başbakan (literally " chief minister " ), in German it is called usually by the Turkish Prime Minister, rarely by the Prime Minister
- In Portuguese Presidente do Conselho one speaks of the dos Cabinet Ministers ( Presidente do Conselho or short ), so by the President of the Council of Ministers
- In Switzerland, the Federal Council chair person leading the " Federal President (in) ' is called on the federal level, their representation " Vice-President ( in ) of the Federal Council " ( see, for example Protocol ranking in Switzerland). At cantonal level, in Berne: " President of the Government ( in) '.
History
The UK's first king from the House of Hanover, George I (1714-1727), had little knowledge of English and so did not understand the cabinet meetings. Therefore, he left his First Minister, Sir Robert Walpole, with whom he spoke French, the pursuit of government business. The term Prime Minister was never actually used, but Walpole was suitable during George's tenure, the power of a government to. The power of the Prime Minister rose among the monarchs on. George III. ( 1760 to 1801 King of Great Britain and Ireland, from then until his death King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) tried in vain to limit it; against his will, he had to appoint Ministers designated by the Prime Minister.
Under Queen Victoria ( Queen 1837-1901 ) in the Premier had similar skills as today.
Parliamentary democracies
In various parliamentary systems, in particular the Westminster model, the prime minister is head of government, while the head of state holds primarily ceremonial functions.
Parliamentary monarchies
Prime Minister is also available in constitutional and parliamentary monarchies (such as the United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Belgium and Thailand), and in republics in which the head of state is an elected or appointed official with more or less powers. In a presidential system, however, the President ( or its equivalent ) in both the state and the government is facing.
Order of the Prime Minister
In parliamentary democracies, the Prime Minister is elected by Parliament (for example, in the German states, Spain, Italy), in semi-presidential democracies such as France or Russia, it is determined by the President.
In each country there are several ways to become Prime Minister:
- Appointment by the head of state without parliamentary confirmation (examples: United Kingdom, Australia, India, Canada, New Zealand)
- Appointment by the head of state after the nomination of a candidate by the Parliament (for example, Ireland, and Scotland, and Wales)
- Nomination by the head of state before the parliament approves it and the head of state appoints the prime minister (examples: Spain, in Germany, the Bundestag choose another candidate who is appointed Chancellor )
- Nomination by the head of state for a certain time in which the Prime Minister has to win a vote of confidence (for example, Italy)
- Direct election by parliament (Examples: the Canadian territories Nunavut and Northwest Territories )
- Direct election by the people (examples: Israel 1996-2001)
- Appointment by a state official, the head of state or his representative is not (example: Sweden)
National
Germany
The German head of government was from February to August 1919 Reich Minister; in the Weimar Constitution, the previous name became Chancellor reused.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal states are written as stand-alone, some sovereign constituent states with a parliamentary system of government. In the surface states are called heads of government Prime Minister. In the city-states there are other titles: The Bremen and Hamburg's prime minister called officially "President of the Senate", in Bremen he wears, along with one other member of the Bremen Senate, the title of " Mayor " in Hamburg the title " Mayor "; the head of government of the state of Berlin is the " mayor ".
The head of government is the state parliament (Landtag in the area countries, in Berlin House of Representatives, Bremen and Hamburg citizenship ) elected for a term by secret ballot. It determines the ministers of his cabinet ( in the city states: Senators ), which must then be confirmed in some countries by the Diet, and determined in most countries, the government guidelines work. In addition to these actual government activities, he regularly takes true representation of his country in the Bundesrat and thereby exerts a strong influence on federal policy in Germany.
The Prime Minister appropriate at the federal level, the Office of the Chancellor, although the Prime Minister has simultaneously perceive representative tasks that belong at the federal level to the Office of the Federal President.
Europe
Albania: Albanian Prime Minister (Albanian Kryeministër ) provides for the independence of Albania in 1912, represents the government of the country
- List of Albanian Prime Minister
Andorra: the Head of Government of Andorra (Catalan Cap de Govern del Principality of Andorra) is the Chief Executive of the country.
- List of Government of Andorra
Belgium: the head of government is the Prime Minister in Belgium (Dutch Eerste minister or premier, French: Premier ministre du gouvernement fédéral or chef ).
- List of Belgian Prime Minister
Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Premijer Federacije of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH ) / Премијер Федерације Федерације Босне и Херцеговине ( БиХ ) is the head of government of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- List of Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria: The Prime Minister ( Bulgarian Mini Star Predsedatel or Министър - председател ) is the head of government of the Republic of Bulgaria since 1990
- List of Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
Denmark: The Danish Prime Minister was designated 1848-1855 as Prime Minister and since 1918 as President (Danish: Konseilspræsident ).
- List of Danish Government List of Government of the Faroe Islands
- List of Prime Minister of Greenland
Estonia: the Prime Minister (Estonian: Eesti peaministrite ) is the head of government of Estonia.
- List of Prime Ministers of Estonia
Finland: the Prime Minister (Finnish: Suomen pääministeri, Swedish: Finlands statsminister ) is the head of government of Finland.
- List of Prime Ministers of Finland
France: In France, the prime minister is ( frzanzösisch Président du Conseil des ministres or since 1959 Premier ministre ) head of government.
- List of Prime Minister of France
Greece: The Prime Minister is the head of government in Greece.
- List of Prime Minister of Greece
Ireland: ( singular) Taoiseach [t i ː ˠ ʃɒx ] (plural ) Taoisigh [t i ː ˠ ʃi ː t i ː ˠ ʃɪg ] is the title of the Irish Government.
- List of Government of Ireland
Iceland: The Prime Minister of Iceland (Icelandic: Forsætisráðherra Íslands ) is the Prime Minister of Iceland.
- List of Prime Minister of Iceland
Italy: the Prime Minister (Italian Consiglio dei Presidenti del ministri Italiana della Repubblica ) is the head of government of the country.
- List of Presidents of the Council of Ministers in Italy
- List of Prime Minister of Kosovo
- List of Prime Minister of Croatia
- List of Prime Ministers of Latvia
- List of heads of government of Liechtenstein
- List of Prime Minister of Lithuania
- List of Prime Minister of Luxembourg
- List of Prime Ministers of Moldova
- List of Prime Ministers of Montenegro
- List of Dutch Prime Minister
- List of heads of government in Norway
- Liste_der_Bundeskanzler_der_Republik_Österreich
- List of Prime Ministers of Poland
- List of Prime Minister of Portugal
- List of Prime Ministers of Romania
- List of Russian Prime Minister
- List of Prime Ministers of Sweden
- List of Prime Ministers of Slovakia
- Lister, the Minister Presidents of Slovenia
- List of Government President of Spain
- List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic
- List of Prime Ministers of Turkey
- List of Prime Ministers of Ukraine
- List of Prime Ministers of Hungary
- List of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- List of Prime Ministers of Belarus
- List of state leaders in Cyprus
Other
- Prime Minister (Australia)
- Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- Prime Minister of Japan
- Prime Minister (Canada)
- Prime Minister (Namibia)
- Prime Minister of New Zealand
- Prime Minister ( East Timor)
- Prime Minister (Portugal )
- Prime Minister of Russia
- Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea
- Prime Minister of Thailand
Lists of office-holders by country:
- List of Prime Ministers of the Bahamas
- List of Israeli Prime Minister
- List of Jordanian Prime Minister
Lists of office-holders for other countries:
- Category List ( Government)