Mircea Eliade

Mircea Eliade [ mirtʃa eliade ] (born 24 Februarjul / March 9 1907greg in Bucharest, .. † April 22, 1986 in Chicago) was a Romanian religious scholar, philosopher and writer.

  • 3.1 Scientific Work
  • 3.2 Fiction

Life

Mircea Eliade was born in Bucharest in 1907, studied at the university under Nae Ionescu, traveled with 21 years to India and studied there from 1928 to 1931 at the University of Calcutta. From 1937 he sympathized, according to a hitherto rather only nationalist phase, with the anti-Semitic and fascist Iron Guard ( legionnaire movement, "Legion of the Archangel Michael" ) in Romania. Here he was - just as with many basic features of his work - influenced by his supervisor Nae Ionescu. In 1937, he supported the Guard active in the campaign for the parliamentary elections. From 1940 to 1945 he worked as a propaganda officer in the Romanian embassies in London and Lisbon for the pro- fascist government in Bucharest.

From 1945 he lived and taught in Paris. From 1957 he taught as a professor of religious studies at the University of Chicago. After 1945 he published occasional articles in journals of Legionnaire movement. Later he approached the New Right in France, and up to his death he maintained contact with legionnaires friends. Together with Ernst Jünger he gave the magazine Antaeus. Magazine out for a free world, which appeared from 1959 to 1971 every two months in the Klett -Verlag.

His literary work includes novels ( The Girl Maitreyi ), fantastic tales ( Nights in Serampore, The Secret of Doctor Honigberger ) and trip descriptions ( Indian diary). He also wrote for the avant-garde literary magazine Contimporanul.

Scientific Work

Eliade was among the Religionsphänomenologen. He sought to understand the deeper meaning of religious phenomena. Here he took the view that it is only through an understanding of, inside out 'possible: by sensing the faith on an emotional level. He led thus continuing a direction substantially by Rudolf Otto and founded by Gustav Mensching further differentiated in Religious Studies, in comparing and understanding of religious experience has been brought to the fore. Although Eliade considered also the systematic aspect of the science of religion as quite important, but when it comes to spiritual values ​​, he can the wealth of the object not to exhaust '. In favor of this phenomenological research he renounced mostly on the examination of historical contexts in more detail. He was concerned about the historical significance and the universality of religious phenomena whose archetypes (in the sense of exemplary role models ) he wanted to portray. In his reflections Eliade always went out of the demonstrable reality of religious phenomena. Whether he actually believed in them, it can largely open.

Importance for modern shamanism Research

Eliade is regarded as the pioneer and founder of shamanism research, which is why virtually every author cites the modern and esoteric Neoschamanismus on him. He had one of the first Europeans stated that the shaman in his trance the body ( actually or apparently ) leaves and makes an out of body experience. With his book Shamanism: Archaic Ekstasetechik he was in opposition to the former professional circles widespread opinion that it was in shamanic experiences to pathological conditions.

Philosophical significance

Philosophically, he sat down for an appreciation of myth, religion and experience - against history and science so - and was still looking for him in a disenchanted modern world remnants of religious behavior. He stressed that the superiority of modern humans to the "primitive " only apparently, yes in many parts even the opposite was the case. It describes the necessary metaphysical significance of archaic ontology. For Eliade comes in myth the sacred to the fore, this constitutes the real foundation of the world. In the myth will not only described how the cosmos came into being as a whole, and each individual part in nature. The man- made ​​and the emergence of the ruling dynasties be explained and justified by answering the why-question. Myths and rituals deliver to Eliade the cosmogonic legitimacy of the traditional society and thus the spatial center of the cosmic arrangement. The pairs of opposites order - chaos and profane - sacred Eliade takes as the starting point of its ancient civilizations and " primitive " societies comparative considerations. At periodic rituals the creation of the world must be repeated and the order will be renewed in order not to fall into chaos. The separation from the area of the sacred is completed, it can be overcome by shamans only mythological auxiliary structures ( ladder to heaven, world tree).

Works

Theses

  • With Ioan Petru Culianu: Handbook of Religions ( Paperback = 14. ). Publisher of the World's Religions, Berlin 2010 ( translated by Liselotte Ronte ), ISBN 978-3-458-72014-0 (Index).
  • The sacred and the profane. On the essence of religion. Anaconda Verlag, Köln 2008, ISBN 978-3-86647-213-6.
  • With Sergius Golovin and Joseph Campbell: The great myths of humanity. High, Erftstadt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86756-072-6.
  • Cosmos and History. The myth of the eternal return. Publisher of the World's Religions, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-458-72004-1.
  • Hans -Joachim Simm (ed.): On the nature of religion. Writings and memories. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt / Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-458-17346-5.
  • Yoga. Immortality and freedom. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt / Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-458-34701-1.
  • The creation myths. Albatros, Dusseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96063-0.
  • History of religious ideas. In four volumes. Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Wien 2002, ISBN 3-451-05274-1. From the Stone Age to the Eleusinian Mysteries ( Volume 1).
  • From Gautama Buddha to the beginnings of Christianity ( Volume 2).
  • From Mohammed to the beginning of the modern era (Volume 3).
  • From the Age of Discovery to the Present ( Volume 4 ).

Fiction

  • Youth Without Youth. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-518-45880-8.
  • Marriage made in heaven. Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Wien 2003, ISBN 3-451-05378-0.
  • Isabelle and the water of the devil. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt / Leipzig 2001, ISBN 3-458-17075-8.
  • The girl Maitreyi. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt / Leipzig 1998, ISBN 3-458-33934-5.
  • The obsessive librarian. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-518-39328-6.
  • Magical stories. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt / Leipzig 1997, ISBN 3-458-33623-0.
  • The Forbidden Forest. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt / Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3-458-16242-9.
  • On the Mântuleasa Street. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-518-01328-9.
  • The Three Graces. Narrative. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-518-38734-0.
  • The hooligans. Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Wien 1993, ISBN 3- 451-22965 -X.
  • Miss Christine. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-518-38018-4.
  • The Hundred Years. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-518-38328-0.
  • Nights in Serampore. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-518-01883-3.
  • Dayan. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-518-01836-1.
  • Nineteen roses. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-518-01676-8.
  • When the gypsies. Fantastic stories. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1981, ISBN 3-518-37115-0.
  • Fantastic stories. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1978, ISBN 3-458-05879-6.
  • The tippet. Narrative. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-518-01522-2.
  • Andronic and the snake. Narrative. Stiasny, Graz / Vienna / Munich 1951.
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