Monochoria

Monochoria korsakowii

The Monochoria are a genus within the family of water hyacinth plants ( Pontederiaceae ). The approximately seven species occur naturally in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Australia.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Monochoria species are mostly perennial, but few species are under unfavorable conditions annuals, herbaceous plants. They grow as floating water plants or in the soil -rooted marsh plants. The submerged and emergent and long or short stems are erect or creeping.

The leaves are arranged in rosettes and undergraduate sitting or distributed on stems and stalked. The simple leaf blades are heart - shaped with a pointed skewer up to sharpened top end. The leaf nerves run in arcs.

Inflorescences and flowers

The submerged until the water surface reaching or emergent Blütenstandsschäfte have at their base large bracts ( bracts ). The paniculate, or aged men almost doldigen inflorescences are encased in knospigen state of a leaf sheath and contain up to 30 flowers. In some species a folded spathe is present, which sometimes has an ovoid to cock -shaped appendage. There are hardly recognizable to present short flower stalks.

The only one day open hermaphrodite flowers are weakly zygomorphic and threefold. The six unequal bracts are fused only at their base; the inner three are wider than the external; they are spread during anthesis and writhe later schraubig one. The blue or white, barren bracts are narrow ovate to lanceolate with pointed top. Of the six inserted at the base of the stamens of a bloom has a long filament, the side has an upright, slanting teeth and a blue, large dust bag that is twice as long as in the other. The other five stamens are almost the same with bald, winged stamens and their anthers are yellow, oval and small. The three carpels are fused to a constant upper, incomplete dreikammerigen ovary. Each ovary chamber contains many ovules. The thread-like style ends in an almost ganzrandigen or fine three-lobed stigma. The nectar is made by Septalnektarien the gynoecium. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

Fruit and seeds

The egg-shaped fruit capsules are lokulizid and trilocular; they contain 10 to 200 seeds. The relatively small, egg-shaped seeds have slanted stripes and longitudinal wings.

Dissemination

The home of the genus paläotropischen Monochoria are the tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Australia.

Some species are neophytes in some tropical and subtropical areas.

Most species thrive in stagnant water and very often in rice fields.

System

The genus Monochoria was erected in 1827 by Karl Bořiwog Presl in Reliquiae Haenkeanae, 1 ( 2 ), pp. 127. Type species is Monochoria hastifolia C.Presl. Synonyms for Monochoria C.Presl are: Calcarunia Raf, Carigola Raf, Raf Gomphima, Limnostachys F.Muell .. The generic name derives from the Greek word Monochoria mono for one, single from, and thus refers to the single stamen that. .. differs from the other five.

The genus belongs to the family of Monochoria Pontederiaceae.

There are about seven Monochoria types:

• Monochoria africana ( Solms ) NEBr. It is widespread from Sudan to South Africa. For South Africa it is known as " least concern " = " not endangered".
• Monochoria australasica Ridl. It is native to northern Australia.
• Monochoria brevipetiolata Verdc. It is native to tropical Africa.
• Monochoria cyanea ( F.Muell. ) F.Muell. It is native to the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia and Northern Territory.
• Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms: With two varieties: Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms hastata var: It is widely used by Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Cambodia, China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia.
• Monochoria hastata var elata ( Ridl. ) Backer: It occurs in southern China, Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia.

Use

For example Monochoria korsakowii is used as feed for poultry and livestock. From Monochoria vaginalis the green plant parts are eaten as a vegetable.

Swell

• Guofang Wu & Charles N. Horn: Pontederiaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 24, page 40: Monochoria, pp. 40 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000 ISBN 0-915279-83-5 ( Description section ).
• Charles N. Horn: Pontederiaceae: Monochoria, pp. 38 - text Registered as printed work, Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5. ( Description section )