Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
Muhammad ibn ʿ Abd al - nafs on - Zakiya (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله النفس الزكية; † 6 December 762 ) was a descendant of ʿ Alī ibn Abī Taalib and organized in 762 a revolt against the Abbasid caliph al - Mansur, who was supported by the Zaidi Shiites, but dejected after a few months by the troops of the Caliph.
Muhammad was brought up as a pretender to the throne during the Umayyad from his father ʿ Abd, who was the head of the Aliden then and dubbed by him as Mahdi. During the caliphate of Hisham ibn Abd al -Malik made various Shia propagandists who Muhammad ibn ʿ Alī al - Baqir did not want to join, advertise it. When, after the death of al - Walid II in 744 of the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate became apparent, ʿ Abd called the Aliden and various other groups who sympathized with them, including various Mu ʿ taziliten, in the village of al - ABWA in the Hijaz together and let them pay homage to his son as a future ruler. Among those who kept him on this occasion the oath of allegiance, should have been the later Abbasid caliph al - Mansur.
Contrary to the hopes of Muhammad's father ʿ Abd, came a few years later, however, not the Aliden, but the Abbasids to power. Muhammad and his brother Ibrahim were in hiding and made it clear in this way that they were not prepared to accept the Caliphate of Abu al - Abbas as- Saffah. In the same way they behaved as in June 754 al - Mansur took the caliphate. Al- Mansur was afraid the two brothers and was looking for them everywhere. On his pilgrimage in the year 758 the Caliph learned that Muhammad lived in the mountains of the tribe Dschuhaina, but he could not be there let him take. To the two brothers to get hold of, he let 758 several of her relatives, including her father and uncle, went put and abuse in custody. Muhammad and Ibrahim, meanwhile, traveled around the Arabian Peninsula, and gathered followers around, but without somewhere to emerge openly.
On September 22, 762 finally appeared Muhammad before Medina and took the city by surprise. Several prominent personalities of the city, including the jurist Maalik ibn Anas, announced the Abbasids on the loyalty and joined him. A relative, al -Hasan ibn Mu ʿ āwiya, was sent as governor to Mecca, this city was also shortly bring into his power and unplug the residents on the side of Muhammad. Muhammad's brother Ibrāhīm took meanwhile, with the support of a Zaydi the city of Basra.
There was an exchange of letters between al - Mansur Muhammad and in which, total impunity presented the caliph rebel, in the event that it results in view. After this had not been effective, he sent his relatives ʿ ibn Musa Īsā out with an army of 4,000 fighters against him. As the army approached Medina, many inhabitants of the city said to get rid of Muhammad and advised him to go into hiding again. Muhammad refused, however, and prepared the defense of Medina ago, where he set up along the lines of defense of the Meccans by his ancestors Mohammed. After many people of Medina had left the city, ʿ ibn Musa Īsā moved up to the city. On December 6, Muhammad was killed on - Nafs az- Zakiya in battle, his head was then sent to the Caliph.
Muhammad's brother Ibrāhīm able to keep going until February 763 in Basra, but was also defeated by the Caliphate troops. Another brother, Idris, managed to dodge in the western Maghreb and to justify there 789 with the support of local Berber tribes a Alid state. His descendants, the Idrisids, prevailed until the beginning of the 10th century over large areas of present-day Morocco.