Munich School

Munich School is a term for a typical painting style of the Munich painting of the 19th and early 20th century, which was located in the vicinity of the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. It is now regarded as the culmination of academic painting and significant for the avant-garde of the 20th century.

History

King Ludwig I who reigned since 1825, the art promoted by museums on the one hand, on the other hand also through the promotion of contemporary art, the Munich made ​​for one of the world's major centers of painting 1850-1914. This unusually strong culture Tight Gement is interpreted as a compensation for the low economic and military importance of the country .. Neither Berlin nor in Dusseldorf there was a comparable public funding. At the same time it creates the art criticism in Germany Gain an Audience, partly political criticism was practiced by art criticism. Ludwig I was busy outside the country's borders to promote the art, such as German artists in Rome. By appropriate Contract Award

At the Academy of Nazarene Peter von Cornelius and Julius Schnorr von Carol Field had previously worked. With the appointment of Karl von Piloty as new head on the one hand, the academic level has been perfected, but then also matched to the dynastic preferences. This date applies a strict interpretation as the beginning of the Munich school. One concern Ludwig I was to establish the fresco painting. In this context, the frescoes emerged in the Hofgarten arcades of Peter von Cornelius, this work of the Munich school gave first major international public attention and coverage. The repertoire of painting initially covered mainly the history painting, and later genre and landscape painting but also portraits and depictions of animals. 1843, the Neue Pinakothek was opened as an exhibition area of ​​the school. At least since the 1867 World Fair in Paris, the Munich school had taken the lead the development of art and replaced the Düsseldorf school ..

A considerable number of artists recorded a considerable fortune, which was close to the established millionaires in nothing .. A significant proportion of works of art was, above all the United States sold abroad. The artist Tini Rupprecht only painted in pastel technique faster, refused five times more jobs from when she took and still generated a seven figure sum. For some artists, the new prosperity Copyright contributed, numerous works have been disseminated through lithographs and engravings. With the outbreak of World War I, sales plummeted in the art market, at the same time came the artistic end of the Munich school.

Known representatives

Classification, environment and resonance

The Munich school was distinguished by accuracy and naturalism in the representation. Typical genres were landscaping, historical and portrait painting. In the history of painting an objectification was maintained the genre freed from the effects and the exaggerated pathos of the 17th century ..

In addition to the Academy created numerous art schools, including that of the renowned Henry Knirr and Anton Ažbe. 1914, there were nearly sixty art schools in the city. One reason was that women were were not allowed in the Academy, in 1882 the Munich artists association was founded. Another reason was that they tried unlike the other major cities to keep the number of students at the academy low. Many artists were organized in the Munich Artists' Association, part split off later and founded the Munich Secession. The importance of art in Germany is reflected not least because almost all subsequent avant-garde had studied at the Academy, including Lovis Corinth, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Ernst Oppler and Franz Marc. However, this also accompanied the end of the academic painting and the Munich school as a stylistic restrictions.

The School of Munich as European art direction

In addition to Paris, Munich was one of two study locations of the art international dimension: Almost every European painting influences the Munich school has made. Although it is a total of only a few hundred foreign students, so include these often later among the most important artists in their home countries.

Johan Christoffer Boklund who had studied in Munich, whose principles established at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. An equally large impact on Munich had the painting of Greece, since Greeks in turn taught at the Academy was a diverse interaction. Also Poles and Lithuanians decided in any significant number to study in Munich. A bereicherter of impressionistic realism freedoms made ​​for the Lithuanian painting Munich as an example .. The New Bulgarian painting also goes back to Munich models. American representatives of the Munich school included Frank Duveneck and William Merritt Chase, and John Henry Twachtman, and Walter Shirlaw.

Museale review

The Munich school was a long time completely set equal to the historicism and its importance for the European painting and the German avant-garde has been forgotten for various reasons, partly the work of individual protagonists was taken out of context. In 1979, the exhibition The Munich school was: 1850-1914, the Bavarian State Painting Collections shown, 2008, the exhibition Before the Alps: Painting of the Munich school. Works of the Munich school located in many of the most important art collections in the world. However, the number of works on the art market today is rather low, so that even minor works by unknown artists from the environment to achieve high four -figure sums at auctions.

19th century Ludwig I of Bavaria Hermann von Kaulbach
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