Mycena epipterygia
The Stretchable Mycena ( Mycena epipterygia )
The Stretchable Mycena ( Mycena epipterygia ) is a fungal species of the family of Mycenaceae. The highly variable Mycena is yellowish - green to brownish gray. His hat and his stick are coated with a slimy, gelatinous stretchable skin. Subtracting the fungus on the stem apart, both halves by a gelatinous skin stay connected long. Therefore, the fungus also bears the names Überhäuteter helmet Ling Ling or rubber helmet. The frequent and inedible fungus grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. Its fruit bodies appear from September to November.
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat of the helmet Stretchable blank is 1-2.5 cm wide. He is initially bell-shaped, arched up later bell-shaped and bears at the apex often a flat hump. The hat color varies greatly. The hat can be yellow greenish to brownish yellow, but also yellowish gray to gray- brown. Towards the edge, the color is usually lighter. The brim is grooved translucent. In wet weather the helmet Ling is covered by a thick sticky layer that can be removed as a transparent, gelatinous skin.
The lamellae are grown on a stick or run with a tooth down to it. They are initially whitish to gray - whitish. Later, they can also be tinged with gray-pink. From the cutting blades can be with a needle or tweezers to pull off a gelatinous thread. The fins are relatively far apart and are intermingled with intermediate fins. Approximately 17-23 lamellae extend from brim to the stem. The spore powder is white.
The cylindrical stem is up to 8 cm long and 1-3 mm wide. He is tough, hollow, yellowish to greenish yellow, and as the hat covered with a gelatinous skin that stretches like rubber when pulling the handle. The fungus is therefore also called rubber helmet Ling. With moisture, the stem feels very slimy to sticky. The fruiting body smells young and uninjured easily geranium -like. However, it can also smell musty or earthy - musty - mealy. The meat tastes slightly farinaceous.
Microscopic characteristics
The core-shaped to broad core-shaped, amyloid spores are 8-11 microns long and 4.5-8 microns wide. The spores of zweisporigen basidia are slightly larger and measure 9 to 13.5 × 7-8 microns. The clavate basidia are 27-35 microns long and 7-8 microns wide and mostly viersporig. It also occur zweisporige basidia.
The clavate cheilocystidia are 12.5 to 55 microns long and 4.5-10 microns wide and form on the fins vagina a sterile band, which is embedded in a gelatinous mass. The cheilocystidia some wear unevenly distributed and rather coarse and long outgrowths. The cylindrical to slightly inflated excesses are 2 to 14.5 microns long and 1-4.5 microns thick. They can be simple, but are usually forked or branched. Pleurocystidia missing. The lamellae is dextrinoid and turns to wine brownish.
The Huthauthyphen ( Pileipellis ) are 2-3.5 microns wide and embedded in a gelatinous mass. Also, they are covered with simple or forked or branched outgrowths that are up to 11 microns long and up to 2.5 microns wide. The Hyphenendzellen themselves are wide up to 6.5 microns.
The hyphae of the stem bark layer are 1-2 microns wide, and also integrated into a gelatinous mass. They are smooth or wear very thin cylindrical outgrowths. The cylindrical or slightly clavate end cells are to 8 microns wide. You could carry a few to numerous, rather coarse excesses. At the Hyphenbasis buckles compounds are present.
Artabgrenzung
The Stretchy Helmet Ling is a very variable sample type with many different varieties and transitional forms that are difficult to distinguish.
Typical and unique to him is his slimy stalk and the slimy hat. If you pull the stem of the helmet Ling apart, the two stem halves long remain connected by stretchable gelatinous skin. After a frost this indicator is lost. Very similar is the Greasy helmet Ling (M. epipterygioides ). It grows stout and is colored more greenish. It is found preferable to the old stumps. The species is considered by many mycologists only as a variety.
Ecology
The Stretchy Helmet Ling is frequently encountered in all forest types native forest and. Especially often find him in coniferous forests, where he likes to grow on the ground under spruce or pine. You usually find him in the deciduous and coniferous litter, but it can also grow on pieces of wood or stumps. Outside of coniferous forests it is found most commonly in beech and fir-beech forests. But he also happens to forest roads, forest edges and in hedgerows. But he was also found in parks or gardens. It is a type of mushroom with no special demands on the soil, the temperature or the pH value, only to eutrophic sites he stays out. The helmet Ling preferred spruce, but other conifers, or beech wood can serve as a substrate. Occasionally, the fungus grows on other deciduous trees or woody stems of ferns, shrubs or grasses. The fruiting bodies appear gregarious up in troops by the end of August to November. In mild winters can be on permanent fruiting bodies even in January.
Dissemination
The Stretchy Helmet Ling is a Holarctic type, ie it is spread all over the northern hemisphere. You can find the helmet Ling in North Asia (Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia, Japan ), North America (USA, Canada), in the Canary Islands, North Africa (Algeria, among cedars ) and in Europe. In Europe the species is meridional spread to boreal. Thus, the range extends from the Mediterranean up in the boreal forest. In southern Europe, the distribution area of Spain over Italy reaches up to Romania and Greece. In Western Europe the kind of France is spread over the Benelux States to Great Britain and Ireland. The helmet Ling was also found in the Hebrides, Shetland and the Faroe Islands. In the east, the distribution area of Estonia ranges in the north east to the Ukraine in the southeast. In the north of the helmet Ling was detected in Iceland and brand Fennoscandia. In Finland, the range extends to central Lapland. In Central Europe the species is common everywhere.
System
The Stretchy Helmet Ling is the only species of section Hygrocyboideae. However, some mycologists hold some of the described varieties for independent species. In Germany, in addition to the type of three to four more varieties are common. Most varieties have been described in North America.
The varieties pelliculosa and fuscopurpurea are now synonymized by most mycologists.
Importance
Like all Mycena applies to the Stretchy Helmet Ling as inedible.