Nicolás Espinoza

Nicolás Espinoza, also Nicolás Espinosa (* November 1795 in Tenancingo, El Salvador, † March 1845 in nacaome, Honduras ) was April 10, 1835 to November 15, 1835 Jefe Supremo of the province of El Salvador in the Central American confederation.

Life

He studied law at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala and became a lawyer. He was the annexation by the Mexican Empire under Agustín de Iturbide, so he went into exile in 1823 to Costa Rica, where he was appointed as a judge in opposition. Nicolás Espinoza was a general and a member of the Partido Conservador, which at that time was called servile or fashion Rados.

On March 27, 1829 Espinoza took the province of El Salvador and José Francisco Morazán Quezada the provinces of Honduras and Nicaragua in the negotiations for the surrender of the province of Guatemala in the house of Ballesteros. Espinoza was from April 1829 to May 12, 1830 Jefe Surpremo the province of Nicaragua. Espinoza appointed the priest Agustin Vijil to his Ministro General.

Espinoza was deputy under the liberal José María Silva in the province of El Salvador until it was replaced on March 2, 1835 by a government junta under the conservative Joaquín Escolan y Balibrera. This junta Escolan was for the period from 2 March to 10 April 1835, when the Cabildo de Españoles a new Jefe Supremo chose hers José Dionisio de la Trinidad de Herrera y Díaz del Valle on.

In April 1835 Nicolás Espinoza founded the Intendency General de la Hacienda, the Treasury new, the old one was no longer creditworthy. In May 1835 founded Nicolás Espinoza, Juntas de Beneficiencia ( Wohlfahrtssausschüsse ) and built a system of criminal courts on throughout the province of El Salvador.

1835 Morazán had transferred the Government of the Central American Republic to San Salvador. Escolan had moved into its first, short term government seat of the provincial government of San Salvador to Ciudad San Vicente. Since then, the terms of San Salvador and El Salvador were used interchangeably, the Parliament decided on May 22, 1835 El Salvador to call in the future Cuscatlan. But there is a town of the same name, this does not lead to unique place names.

By decree, decreed Espinoza that the Diudad de Santa Ana is the capital of a Depto. de Sonsonate was, which he spun off from the Partido de Metapán. The Decree of 7 May 1835, he founded the General Staff of the province of El Salvador again. The predecessor had been beaten in disputes with the central government. He left the military command of the Departments of the Cabildo de Españoles, which he wanted to secure a right to take action.

Land Transport

On January 27, 1825 the government passed the Central American Confederation, a decree by which the tierras baldías o realengos, which included also the ejidos, were privatized. On June 17, 1835 Espinoza signed a decree that annulled the privatization of the ejidos. Expropriation of the Cabildo by lease or debt agreements should be rescinded. Farmers should be owners of their crops and pay a Canon (lease ) to the Cabildo for land use. Farmers who did not pay the rent, should return their land and would be entitled to compensation for the fruits. The regulation of the land transaction was not different between ejidos of Municipalities and municipal land. According to the colonial tradition administered by the Cabildo municipios were undivided communal property. According to this interpretation of the law the expulsion of farmers, the rooms of the property, a law was preclude which only existing lease or rental agreements.

Espinoza encouraged indigenous communities to participate in local elections to break the dominance of the Cabildo de Españoles.

José Francisco Morazán Quezada Espinoza was replace by Francisco Gómez de Altamirano y de Elizondo and accuse him of conspiring with the indigenous.

His decrees were implemented only in a few places. Espinoza was charged with the indigenous people from the center of El Salvador and to conspiring with its allies in Guatemala to overthrow the government of the Central American Confederation and want to build an Indian Republic. It would have been able to channel iseren the deep-rooted ethnic prejudices of the indigenous people to obtain their support. Whether you set a goal to destroy the Confederacy in El Salvador and Guatemala, and to build a zentralistischeren, stronger state, an alliance with the indigenous people from Los Altos, Chiquimula and Quetzaltenango. The U.S. charge d' affaires for Central America, Charles G. De Witt, refers to him as an Indian - a cunning and well -educated ( an Indian, a clever and educated ).