Nut (fruit)
Nut fruits are indehiscent fruits, in which all three layers of the pericarp (ie the pericarp ) become woody. In most cases, only a single seed is enclosed.
Bowl of fruit (including nuts ) is the commercial name for fruit, the fruit seeds are surrounded by a hard, usually woody shell. Are nuts and seeds, which are suitable for human consumption. Your pericarp - the shell or the pericarp - however, is not suitable for consumption.
Etymology
The word goes nuts as well as English nut back on a urgermanisches noun, which is considered to χnut - reconstruct *. This in turn continues knud - urindogermanisches a noun *. The Celtic word * KNUS, after which the old Irish CNU and the kymrische kneuen go back, and the Latin nux ( nucis, f; stem nuc ) if from umgestelltem * dnuk - emerged, all with the same meaning "nut ", probably also rely * knud immediately.
Nuts in the botanical sense
The nuts in the botanical sense includes, inter alia,
- Beechnut
- Chilean hazelnut
- Walnut ( Juglans regia), it was regarded until recently as a drupe.
- Chestnut ( chestnut )
- Acorn
- Hempnut
- Hazelnut
- Macadamia nut ( Queensland nut )
- Plane nut ( inedible )
- Ivory nut ( tagua )
- Water chestnut
Special forms of nut fruit
- Achene of the daisy family
- Caryopsis of grasses
- Collective nut fruit of the rose family, including, in particular, the strawberry
In the botanical sense, no nuts
- Cashew
- Nutsedge ( Chufanuss ), a tuber
- Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) is derived from a sleeve; However, it remains closed ( = sleeve opening fruit) and accordingly belongs morphologically to nuts, but botanically legumes.
- Coconut, stone core of a drupe
- Almond, stone core of a drupe
- Nutmeg, seeds of a follicle
- Brazil nut ( Brazil nut, Juvianuss ), hard-shelled seeds from a fruit capsule
- Pecan, stone core of a drupe
- Pistachio, stone core of a drupe
- Shea nut, the fruit is botanically berries.
The stone fruits, only the inner pericarp is lignified and outside, surrounded by a soft shell, the pulp.
The pine nuts ( Pinoli ) are the seeds of pine (Pinus pinea), which forms as gymnosperms no ovary.
Effect of nuts on the health
Nuts reduce by their polyunsaturated fatty acids proven to lower cholesterol in the blood, stabilize the sugar level, support vessels and reduce the risk of stomach and prostate cancer as well as heart attacks. In a clinical study of 1990 reached a twelve percent reduction in blood cholesterol levels by daily consumption of 100 g of almonds after four weeks. Further studies in which lower volumes or other nuts, such as Wal-, earth or macadamia nuts were consumed, showed comparable effects.
It's not been definitively explained, of which ingredients originate in addition to the unsaturated fatty acids, the positive health effects of nut. Because of the high fat content should continue to be observed, such as the consumption of nuts has an effect on the energy balance.
In children under 4 years should be dispensed with whole nuts. These can reach because of their shape and size accidentally in the windpipe and lead to shortness of breath and even suffocation. Above all, peanuts are dangerous for children because the soft shell can be easily opened. Especially during the festive season, it always come back to breathlessness by nuts and almonds.
Fat contents and calorific values
Food Table of DFL
Ingredients
The nutrients and vital substances listed are dependent on the type of nut. In their entirety, nuts contain the water-soluble vitamin B1, which is responsible in the body for carbohydrate metabolism. Other ingredients are unsaturated fatty acids, high quality vegetable proteins, fats, easily digestible carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, niacin, protein, essential amino acids, fluorine, proteins, iron, copper, magnesium, various B vitamins, and vitamin A, C, D and E. In addition, minerals and trace elements, sugar, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, manganese and folate.
Statistics
Each German consumed an average of 3.3 kg of nuts per year. In 2004, 271,000 tons of nuts imported to Germany. Main processor is the confectionery industry.