Open Game
A public game of chess begins with the opening move 1 e2- e4, followed by black ... e7 - e5 1 reply move.
In the ECO code, the open-ended games among the keys are classified C20 to C99.
Background
The open-ended games are among the oldest openings of chess. Already in 1561 appeared a work by the Spanish monk Ruy López de Segura, in which he provides some explanations of the still popular openings such as the Ruy Lopez. Although already numerous other opening moves were analyzed and tested, the vast majority of games started but with these trains, even during the romantic era of chess in the 19th century was a different opening combination almost as dishonorable. With the advent of so-called " Hyper Modern Chess School " started a boom of openings like the Sicilian Defense or different " Indian " systems, so the classical 1 e2- e4 e7 - e5 lost much of its former popularity. However, this start of the game has over the years can always get a certain number of followers and is still in today's world-class chess 1 ... e7 - e5, mostly in connection with the Ruy Lopez, the second by Sg1 -f3 Sb8 - c6 3 Lf1 - b5 arises after the Sicilian Defence ( 1 ... c7 - c5), the most frequently chosen response to 1 e2- e4.
It is advisable for beginners to learn the art of chess with the open games since - allow open games a particularly simple access to basic strategies of chess - with exceptions. Even elementary tactical phrases such as restraining ( a basic element such as the Ruy Lopez ) can be easily met in the open games - for the benefit or harm.
The basic openings
The following openings are the most common answers to e7 - e5 black. You give White possibilities of active game:
- King Knight game: 2 Sg1 -f3 By far the most played train.
- King's Gambit: 2 f2 - f4 Currently Ruy Lopez ' this was the most popular method, since it is only rarely found on Grandmaster Tournament, as it entails a certain risk. Some first-class chess players (eg, the former World Champion Boris Spassky ) are the King's Gambit, however, associated with fidelity.
- Runner game: 2 Lf1 - c4
- Means Gambit: 2 d2 -d4
- Vienna Game: 2 Nb1 - c3
Due to the advantage of the white suit also almost all other legal moves are possible in addition to these answers. However, they are almost never to be found, since they often represent only a tempo loss. Replies White example with an ' inert ' train as a2 -a3, so Black would continue with Ng8 - f6 and does so in principle the right of the white suit.
Known variants
The following variants all stem tried opening sequels represents the choice of these systems depends on personal preference. The most common games are now on grandmaster level with the Ruy Lopez, the Russian defense, the Scottish game or - played the Philidor Defence, other systems are more likely to be found in lower divisions or historical games - something rare.
- Spanish match: 2 Sg1 -f3 Sb8 - c6 3 Lf1 - b5
- Russian Defense: 2 Sg1 -f3 - f6 Ng8
- Philidor Defense: 2 Sg1 -f3 d7 - d6
- Scottish game: 2 Sg1 -f3 c6 3 Sb8 - d2 -d4 Scottish Gambit: 2 Sg1 -f3 c6 3 Sb8 - d2 -d4 e5xd4 4 Lf1 - c4
- Evans Gambit: 2 Sg1 -f3 Sb8 - c6 3 Lf1 - c4 - c5 Bf8 4 b2- b4
- Four Knights Game: 2 Sg1 -f3 c6 3 Sb8 - Nb1 - c3 Ng8 - f6
- Traxler Counterattack: 2 Sg1 -f3 Sb8 - c6 - c4 3 Lf1 Ng8 - f6 4 Nf3 - g5 - c5 Bf8
Irregular openings with 1 e2- e4 e7 - e5
Less common or difficult promising continuations of 1 e2- e4 e7 - e5 are
- Alapin Opening: 2 Sg1 - e2
- Portuguese Opening: 2 Lf1 - b5
- Napoleon's attack: 2 Dd1 -f3
- Parham Attack: 2 Dd1 - h5
- Damianos Defense: 2 Sg1 -f3 f7 - f6!
The remaining second trains of white have no independent character. Options such as 2 a2 -a3 or edge Springer trains are harmless and allow the black to equalize the position quickly, as White waived his suit advantage and no immediate threats prepares.