Opistognathidae

Two Goldstirn Fountain Bauer ( Opistognathus aurifrons )

The family of the jaw fish ( Opistognathidae ), also called fountain maker, is a member of the perch family ( Percomorphaceae ) and comprises two genera with about 80 species. Fish received their German names because of their large mouths or because of their vertical burrows in the sea floor.

Features

There are large-headed and big-mouthed fish with a laterally flattened, elongated, covered with small cycloid scales body of white, gray or schmutziggelber color. The sides of the head are usually scaleless. The mouth is large, in some species the maxilla nearly reaching gill cover. The head is scaleless with a steep forehead, large oval eyes are set far forward. Along the jaw edge is a row of small teeth, one or more further can be located further back. The palatine bone is toothless. The dorsal fin extends from the neck to the tail fin base and has nine to twelve most flexible fin spines and 12 to 22 segmented soft rays. Between hard and weichstrahligem part there is often a slight indentation. The anal fin is long, with two or three slender spines and 10 to 21 segmented rays. The pelvic fins are facing the pectoral fins and have a spine and five segmented soft rays. The inner three are weak, small and branched, the outer two unbranched and more. The caudal fin is rounded and is supported 12 to 14 branched fin rays. The lateral line is high, just below the dorsal fin is incomplete and ends below the center of the dorsal fin. Your pores are normally embedded in the skin. Brunnenbauer be three to fifty centimeters long. Most species remain below a length of twelve inches. The species of the genus Stalix be only 2.2 to 6 inches long. The body color different shades of brown are usually predominant. Under the hartstrahligen part of the dorsal fin is often a black spot.

Dissemination

Kiefer fish come in the tropical Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, particularly rich in species in the Gulf of California and on the Pacific coast of Central America from Mexico to Panama before.

Behavior

Kiefer fish live in shallow water, usually not deeper than 30 meters, in which they build on open sand or gravel soils, their vertical burrows. Some species were caught in depths up to 200 meters. The inner walls of the caves are secured by stones of coral, mollusc shells or other things. Most species often live in small colonies in small territories, some others are loners. The caves are only rely on short distances to snap up food or to defend the area. The rest of the day remain the fish, with the head looking out of the building. Threatened by a potential predator, they disappear with the tail first in their construction. All jaw fish are protogynous hermaphrodites, which her ​​sex change from female to male during their life. During the mating the male attracts a female in his tube. For all jaw fish the males are mouth brooders. When the best-researched and -bred in aquariums already Goldstirn- well diggers the fry hatch in eight to nine days. The in a lump with filaments adhered eggs are deposited to repair the burrow and to feed. They feed on zooplankton and fish fry, they capture a few inches above her tube free floating.

System

Jaw fish are close to the thyroid fish ( Gobiesocidae ) and the mucus Fishy ( Blennioidei ) related and form two taxa in the recent revision of the teleost systematics the superiority of the Blenniimorphae.

Genera and species

There are eighty -described and many undescribed species of two genera:

  • Lonchopisthus Gill, 1862 Lonchopisthus higmani Mead, 1959
  • Lonchopisthus lemur ( Myers, 1935)
  • Lonchopisthus lindneri Ginsburg, 1942
  • Lonchopisthus Micrognathus ( Poey, 1860)
  • Lonchopisthus sinuscalifornicus Castro -Aguirre & Villavicencio Garayzar, 1988
  • Goldstirn Fountain Bauer ( Opistognathus aurifrons ) ( Jordan & Thompson, 1905)
  • Opistognathus brasiliensis Smith Vaniz, 1997
  • Opistognathus castelnaui Bleeker, 1860
  • Opistognathus cuvierii Valenciennes, 1836
  • Opistognathus darwiniensis ( Macleay, 1878)
  • Opistognathus decorus Smith Vaniz & Yoshino, 1985
  • Dick head fountain Bauer ( Opistognathus dendriticus ) ( Jordan & Richardson, 1908)
  • Opistognathus ever manni ( Jordan & Snyder, 1902)
  • Opistognathus eximius ( Ogilby, 1908)
  • Opistognathus fenmutis Acero P. & Franke, 1993
  • Opistognathus galapagensis Allen & Robertson, 1991
  • Opistognathus gilberti Bohlke, 1967
  • Opistognathus hongkongiensis (Chan, 1968)
  • Opistognathus hopkinsi ( Jordan & Snyder, 1902)
  • Opistognathus inornatus ( Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887)
  • Opistognathus iyonis ( Jordan & Thompson, 1913)
  • Marble jaw fish ( Opistognathus jacksoniensis ) ( Macleay, 1881)
  • Spotted jaw fish ( Opistognathus latitabundus ) ( Whitley, 1937)
  • Opistognathus leprocarus Smith Vaniz, 1997
  • Opistognathus liturus Smith Vaniz & Yoshino, 1985
  • Opistognathus lonchurus ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
  • Banded jaw fish ( Opistognathus Macrognathus ) ( Poey, 1860)
  • Opistognathus macrolepis ( Peters, 1866)
  • Opistognathus margaretae Smith Vaniz, 1984
  • Opistognathus maxillosus ( Poey, 1860)
  • Opistognathus megalepis Smith Vaniz, 1972
  • Opistognathus melachasme Smith Vaniz, 1972
  • Opistognathus mexicanus Allen & Robertson, 1991
  • Muscat Fountain Bauer ( Opistognathus muscatensis ) ( Boulenger, 1887)
  • Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell, 1830
  • Opistognathus Nothus Smith Vaniz, 1997
  • Opistognathus panamaensis Allen & Robertson, 1991
  • Papua Brunnenbauer ( Opistognathus papuensis ) ( Bleeker, 1868)
  • Opistognathus pardus Smith Vaniz, Bineesh & Akhilesh, 2012
  • Feingepunkteter jaw fish ( Opistognathus punctatus ) ( Peters, 1869)
  • Opistognathus reticulatus ( McKay, 1969)
  • Opistognathus rhomaleus ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
  • Opistognathus robinsi Smith Vaniz, 1997
  • Opistognathus rosenbergii Bleeker, 1857
  • Blaupunkt jaw fish ( Opistognathus rosenblatti ) Allen & Robertson, 1991
  • Bullseye jaw fish ( Opistognathus scops ) ( Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)
  • Opistognathus signatus Smith Vaniz, 1997
  • Opistognathus solorensis Bleeker, 1853
  • Opistognathus trimaculatus Hiramatsu & Endo, 2013
  • Opistognathus whitehursti ( Longley, 1927)
  • Stalix davidsheni Klausewitz, 1985
  • Stalix Dicra Smith Vaniz, 1989
  • Stalix Eremia Smith Vaniz, 1989
  • Stalix flavida Smith Vaniz, 1989
  • Stalix histrio Jordan & Snyder, 1902
  • Stalix immaculate & Xu Zhan, 1980
  • Stalix moenensis ( Popta, 1922)
  • Stalix omanensis Norman, 1939
  • Stalix sheni Smith Vaniz, 1989
  • Stalix toyoshio Shinohara, 1999
  • Stalix versluysi ( Weber, 1913)

Aquarium maintenance

Some pine species, particularly the Goldstirn- well diggers from the Caribbean, held in saltwater aquariums. You need high (more than 10 inches ), not too fine ground reasons to build their burrow can. Kiefer fish only accept food that drives past near their burrow in the water. Decreases the feed on the ground, it is no longer observed. They can therefore not be associated with larger, them the food wegschnappenden fish. The gold brow Fountain Bauer is bred in fish farms commercially for aquaristic purposes.

Acanthomorpha Fish fin Middle America (region) Felipe Poey David Starr Jordan Pieter Bleeker Achille Valenciennes John Richardson (naturalist) William Ogilby George Albert Boulenger Joseph S. Nelson FishBase
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