Oronce Finé
Oronce Fine, also Oronce Finé, Latinized Orontius Finnaeus or Finaeus, ( born December 20, 1494 in Briançon; † August 8, 1555 in Paris) was a French mathematician and cartographer.
Life
Fine was the son of a doctor and studied after the death of his father in Paris medicine at the Collège de Navarre with the bachelor 's degree 1522. In Paris, he was sponsored by Antoine Sylvestre, a professor at the Collège de Montaigu. During his studies in 1518 and 1524, he was some time in prison, possibly due to the practice of astrology. In 1531 he became professor of mathematics at the recently founded by the King in the Collège Royale, where he taught until his death. There are portraits of him after a lost painting by Jean Clouet (1530).
He gave mathematical and astronomical works for a Parisian printer while still a medical student (from about 1515) out of so Sacrobosco ( Tractatus de Sphaera ) and Georg Peuerbach ( Theo Ricae novae planetarum ). He also published many of his own works in mathematics, astronomy (for example, De mundi sphaera 1542, a popular science book on astronomy), on Instrument tuition (for example, his first book in 1526 about the Equatorium and on the quadrant, the astrolabe and the gnomon ) and optics. 1532 appeared his work Protomathesis in several volumes, the arithmetic, geometry and astronomy and astronomical instruments dealt in the third and fourth parts. A sundial of ivory from him from 1524 is still preserved today. His name is engraved on it and it is the only instrument that can be attributed directly to him. He was involved in the construction of the Astronomical Clock in the library Sainte -Geneviève ( they used a method from a treatise on astrology by Fine ). Overall, Emmanuel Poulle characterizes the work of Fine as encyclopedic, elementary, and not original, as the popularization of scientific issues on which he himself had heard lectures.
He became known through maps, in particular he invented a double heart-shaped map projection ( in his first World Map of about 1519), which was also adopted by Peter Apian and Gerhard Mercator. One of his maps of the world was from about 1519, the other appeared in 1531 ( Nova Universi Orbis Descriptio ). His later world map of 1531 ( which comes globe of 1523 ) to the ajar of Johannes Schoner. He used both information of Claudius Ptolemy, as well as recent discoveries (such as information from Marco Polo or of explorers such as Ferdinand Magellan ) In his world map. In his world map he draws Asia and North America as a land mass (which he referred to as Asia, so that names of Marco Polo in China show up in the Caribbean), with America he referred to South America and drawn in the map Terra Australis possibly going on information from Magellan back on Tierra del Fuego. That was on his card, the Terra Australis about the shape of the Antarctic employed later authors such as Charles Hapgood and it has been suggested that he thereby sightings of the northern coast of Australia by Portuguese sailors used and the existence of a larger land mass from postulated ( the idea of a southern continent was since Ptolemy widespread).
In 1525 he published a map of France, one of the first of its kind, and he later also published maps of the Holy Land (Palestine ) and the journeys of Paul.
Pedro Nunes published in 1546 a work in which he refuted the supposed solution of three classic geometric problems angle trisection, duplication of the cube and squaring the circle by Fine. His attempts at squaring the circle were also criticized by other contemporaries such as Johannes Buteo. Fine were different approximations for the circle constant pi, most recently in 1556 in De rebus mathematicus. He also dealt with attachments (for example, those of Milan on behalf of King Francis I. - he came out of prison for 1524 ), and gave a method to determine the length of the observation of lunar eclipses in two different locations. He gave the elements of Euclid ( 1536, 1544, 1551 ).
The lunar crater Orontius is named after him.