Orso Mario Corbino
Orso Mario Corbino ( born April 30, 1876 in Augusta ( Sicily ); † January 23, 1937 in Rome ) was an Italian physicist and politician.
Life
Corbino studied physics at the University of Palermo with the Laurea degree in 1896 and was there from 1904 and assistant professor at the University of Messina ( Full Professor from 1907 ) and from 1908 Professor of Experimental Physics and Director of the Physics Institute at the University of Rome.
Numerous well-known Italian physicist were in Rome or his students at his institute: Enrico Fermi, Rasetti Franco, who was his assistant, Emilio Segrè, Edoardo Amaldi, Ettore Majorana, Bruno Pontecorvo, inter alia, After the headquarters of the Institute of Corbino this group was given the nickname by Fermi Ragazzi di Via Panisperna. Fermi made his Institute to one of the centers of nuclear and neutron physics and Corbino also initiated in 1936 the establishment of an Institute for Electroacoustics, which was later named after him Institute of Experimental acoustics.
As a physicist, he was known for researching magneto- optical effects. According to him and Damiano Macaluso of Macaluso - Corbino effect is named, the rotation of the polarization plane due to external magnetic fields at wavelengths close to the absorption line of the irradiated material. Corbino the effect is a variation of the Hall effect, in a disk.
He dealt with many different fields. For example, he built high voltage power supply for X-ray tubes that have been used in medicine, he undertook experiments to photoelasticity, confirmed the theories of elasticity theory by Vito Volterra, and examined the specific heat of metals at high temperatures.
Through its commitment to the production of electricity from hydropower and cooperation with the Patent Office, he came into contact with politics. In 1917, he became president of the Council for hydropower ( Consiglio superiore delle acque ) and 1923 of that of Public Works ( Consiglio Superiore dei lavori pubblici ). In 1920 he became a senator. 1921/22, he was Minister of Education and 1923/24, for economy. In the 1920s, he became President of the Compagnia Generale di Elettricità and Società di Meridional Elettricità and 1931 the Società industry elettriche Rodi and the Azienda Elettrica bengasina. He was also head of the Commission for radio.
Towards the end of his life he developed a strong interest for the development of television. In 1935, he became President of the International Centre for television in Nice.
He was President of the Italian Physical Society ( 1914-1919 ). In 1909, he received the Matteucci Medal. He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei (1918 ), the Turin Academy, the Royal Society in Naples and the Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (1911 ), which he was president from 1932 to 1937.