Otto Marburg

Otto Marburg ( born May 25, 1874 in Roman city, † June 13, 1948 in New York City ) was an Austrian neurologist. He was Professor of Neurology in Vienna and New York City and author of numerous papers on topics in neurology and neuropathology, in particular multiple sclerosis and tumors of the central nervous system. According to him, the acute malignant progressive form of multiple sclerosis ( Marburg type ) named their first description he made in 1905.

Family

Marburg was born 1874 in Roman city in Austria - Hungary, now Rýmařov in the Czech Republic, the son of a Jewish factory owner Max Marburg and his wife Adele, nee Berg. He had seven siblings, a sister and his mother died in 1942 in the Theresienstadt ghetto. Otto Marburg was married from 1916 with Malvine Knopfelmacher.

Life

After attending high school in Olomouc Ratibor and Marburg until 1899 studied medicine at the University of Vienna. He received his doctorate in 1899. Already during his studies he worked as an assistant to Heinrich Obersteiner. His training in neurology, he was in Vienna under Julius Wagner von Jauregg in Paris with Pierre Marie and in Berlin with Hermann Oppenheim.

In 1905, Otto Marburg habilitated in Vienna of Neurology, 1912, he was appointed associate and full professor in 1919. He also appeared in 1919, the successor Heinrich Obersteiner the Neurological Institute. From 1914 he was a member he Leopoldina. After the connection of Austria in 1938 Marburg, like many other teachers at the University of Vienna was forced to retire because of his Jewish origin Marburg and his wife left the country and emigrated with support from Bernhard Sachs ' over England in the United States.

In the U.S., he worked first at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, and later at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University as a professor of neurology. His Austrian admission employed in the years 1940 and 1941 both the national authorities and courts and the Supreme Court of the United States. Ultimately, Marburg request was rejected in court after a work permit, but it still allows a medical operation.

On June 13, 1948 Otto Marburg died in New York City.

Work

Marburg beforsche in numerous histopathological studies, the central nervous system: He described the fasciculus substantiae gelatinosae centralis and was editor of several editions atlases Neurohistopathologie. His interests included the neurological- topological diagnosis of lesions of the pons and the medulla oblongata and the pathology of the pineal gland ( epiphysis ).

Become an important focus of interest Marburg multiple sclerosis belonged (MS ), which he explored his life and as a reactive process pointed to an exogenous toxin. He described primary demyelination, inflammatory changes and a reactive gliosis. As an "acute multiple sclerosis " described Marburg in 1905 an aggressive progressive form of multiple sclerosis ( MS), now called "acute malignant multiple sclerosis ( Marburg type ) " is called.

Another field of Otto Marburg was the neuro-oncology. His work here includes histopathological studies tierexperiementelle work and irradiation experiments with X-rays. Marburg worked in Vienna with the neurosurgeon Anton von Eiselsberg and Egon Ranzi, both pioneers of their discipline together and was able to examine hundreds of surgical specimens.

Otto Marburg wrote around 200 articles in scientific journals and was the author and editor of numerous books on neurological and neuropathological topics. He was also co-editor of the journals work from the Neurological Institute at the University of Vienna and yearbooks of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Publications (selection)

• O. Marburg: Microscopic - topographical atlas of the human central nervous system with accompanying texts. 3rd Ed Franz Deuticke, Leipzig Vienna 1927. ( 1st edition 1904, 2nd edition 1927)
• O. Marburg: The physical methods of treatment in individual representations for practitioners and students. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig, Vienna, 1905.
• O. Marburg: The Progressive facial hemiatrophy; the circumscribed facial atrophy. Hölder, Vienna 1912.
• YES Hirschl, O. Marburg: syphilis of the nervous system, including tabes and paralysis. Hölder, Vienna 1914.
• G. Alexander, O. Marburg, H. Brunner (ed. ): Handbook of neurology of the ear. 4 volumes, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin 1923-1929.
• O. Marburg: The headache and its treatment. Moritz Perles, Vienna 1926.
• O. Marburg: The sleep, its disorders and their treatment. Springer, Berlin, Vienna 1928.
• J. Meller, O. Marburg: To note the nature of the so-called Czermak -v. Hippelschen Netzhauterkran effect. S. Karger, Berlin 1928.
• O. Marburg accident and brain tumor: A contribution to the etiology of brain tumors. Springer, Berlin, 1934.
• E. Grünthal, F. Hiller, O. Marburg: Traumatic presenile and senile diseases, Zirkulationsstörun - Gen. Springer, Berlin, 1936.
• O. Marburg, Helfand M.: Injuries of the nervous system, including poisonings. Veritas Press, New York 1939.
• O. Marburg: hydrocephalus: its symptomatology, pathology, pathogenesis and treatment. Oskar Piest, New York 1940.