Paper size

The standard sizes for paper sizes (see paper) in Germany are the German Institute for Standardization ( DIN) for the first time laid down in the DIN standard DIN 476 on August 18, 1922 formats. The ratio between width and height is in all formats

The standard was developed by the German engineer Walter Porstmann. The design resembles the forgotten designs from the time of the French Revolution.

The German standard was used with their definitions on the A- and B- series as the basis for the European or international equivalent EN ISO 216, which in turn has been adapted in almost all countries. Differences there are usually only allowed tolerances. As a purely national standard DIN 476-2:2008-02 paper - end formats is - C series still valid today.

Parallel exist, such as the U.S., Canada and Mexico, other, less systematic format rows.

• 2.1 Machine formats
• 2.2 Packing bow
• 2.3 Time plan systems
• 2.4 Notation

• 3.1 North America
• 3.2 China
• 3.3 Japan

• 4.1 Historical European formats
• 4.2 Historical British-American formats

International paper sizes (ISO / DIN)

Survey

There are 4 rows labeled A through D and are each divided into 11 classes, which are numbered in order of decreasing size from 0 to 10.

The combination of these two properties results in the usual designation, eg A4 (210 mm × 297 mm) or C6 ( 114 mm × 162 mm ), possibly "DIN " or "ISO" is prefixed.

Deviating from there in the DIN, but not in the ISO standard formats that are larger than the class 0. This is prefixed, eg 2A0 for double A0 a numeric prefix.

The size of the formats specified in whole millimeters. Tolerances for dimensions up to 150 mm ± 1.5 mm, dimensions up to 600 mm ± 2 mm and above ± 3 mm.

The nominal area of an A0 sheet is a square, but by the rounding of the side lengths to the nearest millimeter soft real surfaces in the A series of one square meter or fraction thereof from all over. The same applies to integer multiples of √ 2 in the other rows. Because of the allowable length tolerances, the real surfaces can differ even further.

Derivation

All formats can be derived by the following conditions:

• Format B0 has 21/2 m2.
• Format C0 has 21/4 m2.
• Format D0 has 2-1/4 m2.

Similarity and folding condition together mean that the width and height of the resulting smaller format to the (1 / √ 2 ) times the width and height of the output format have decreased. First, it is obvious that similarity is only achieved if the format halved in height and halved the height to the width of the smaller format is. That width to height h as b 1: √ 2 must behave, following consideration shows:

After Hälftung is: bn 1 = hn / 2 and hn 1 = bn. (higher index after Hälftung ) Similarity means that bn 1 / hn 1 = bn / hn. These three relations together gives: hn / 2 bn = bn / hn or 2 bn2 = HN2. Resolution: bn / hn = b / h = 1 / √ 2

Consequence of formats greatest equality of all rows

In order of size, the sequence results

Two successive formats are available in length ratio 1: 1.0905 ( one-to- eighth root of two).

Applications

Typically an envelope of the corresponding C format is chosen for a content in A- format, which is in turn in an envelope of the B- row seat. The maximum dimensions of letters in the Post Office are based on the B- series.

Derived formats

Non-standard formats, envelopes

JIS B-Series

The Japanese standard JIS P 0138-61 assumes the A- and C- series of ISO or DIN, but defines a slightly different B- series: JIS B0 has an area of ​​1.5 m², the arithmetic and not geometric mean of the areas of A0 and 2A0, widths and heights are determined analogously to A and rounded accordingly.

The origin of the Japanese B- series is that this format should be compatible with the Shiroku -ban already in use with its dimensions of 127 mm × 188 mm, which in turn had its origin in the official format used Mino -ban of the Edo period. The Shiroku -ban was almost identical to the new JIS B6.

Raw formats

Since the trimming and folding losses occur, the raw formats RA and SRA were created (ISO 217). The R stands for " raw ", S for "secondary ". RA0 basically has an area of ​​1.05 m², 1.15 m² SRA0, width and height but are rounded to the nearest half centimeter.

Under the unofficial designation A4 (A4 plus) also there is a work based on the A4 oversize format, which is used for use in inkjet and laser printers. It is offered for customers especially from printer manufacturers. The lack of standardization About this format there are different formats. So based formats exist on A4 with a single bleed of three millimeters per side ( 216 mm × 303 mm ) or borderless printable formats with tear edges. Specify some ( American ) providers the format A4 also with the measure 9 ½ in × 13 in ( 241 mm × 330 mm). In the photo, and commercial printing, there is also the non-standard oversize A3 ( A3 plus ), also Super A3 or Super B known, even here there is no set uniform level. The dimensions are usually chosen so that on a printer of the paper manufacturer an A3 page can be printed borderless.

Comments

• Contrary to popular assumption corresponds to the aspect ratio of four DIN series ( 1: 1,414 ) is not the golden section. Other formats, such as Octave, however, use this ratio of about 1: 1,618.
• The fact that the (1: √ 2 )-form for the present task was not only the right but also " something pleasant and exquisite before the usual " have is a 1786 by the physicist and aphorisms poet Georg Christoph Lichtenberg made ​​finding.
• The DIN 476 has already been anticipated in the time of the French Revolution. There were paper sizes in the exact dimensions of this standard.
• The paper weight is usually given as weight per square meter. Due to the simple aspect ratios, the mass of a standard A4 sheet calculated with 80 g / m² to exactly.
• The paper Volume: subvolume is understood in its thickness paper. Paper can be made ​​with different thicknesses for the same weight. Paper with a larger volume is "catchy ". Retrieved from " normal volume " 1 starting the volumes in a ¼ - levels are greater. 90 - g paper with the volume 2 is twice as thick as 90 - g paper with the volume 1
• When zooming in and out with a photocopier the length and not the surface amendment shall specify: the next larger or next smaller size is obtained by scaling factor 141% ( √ 2) and 71 % ( √ ½), while 200 % and 50 % respectively skip a format.

Formats for specific applications

In addition, there were and are, of course, other systems, such as newspapers. Some old systems have obtained at least in part to this day.

Machine formats

For processing in printing machines, there is a industry standard that includes the following maximum paper sizes.

Packaging sheet

In the field of packaging formats are used, the (75 cm × 100 cm) derived from the ball format. These formats are not limited to sheets of paper, but also be used for other blanks, eg from film. A string format is created by halving each of the long side.

Schedule systems

When scheduling systems ( calendar and schedule - Ring Binder) more formats are common, which have different names depending on the manufacturer and perforations. For example:

Notation

Use in other countries

North America

The usual North American paper sizes do not follow a uniform pattern and are originally based customs ( in ). The series A to E comes from the standard ANSI / ASME Y14.1, other sizes are defined in ANSI X3.151 - 1987.

The Canadian sizes P1 -P6 from Standard CAN 2 9.60m are specified in millimeters and rounded (up to P6) to the nearest half centimeter. Approximation, they correspond inch counterparts. They can be derived by doubling or halving. Their importance is even more low in Canada.

Both the North American ANSI - series as well as the Canadian sizes have not, however, as they alternately have the advantages of the constant √ 2 ratio of DIN series ratios of 1.30 and 1.55.

Has a special meaning (279 × 216 mm ), since the latter comes with 8 ½ × 11 inch by correspondence to Europe here is the letter format. The sheet is about 6 mm wide and 18 mm shorter and with a surface area of 602.7 cm ² is slightly smaller than the A4-size sheet of 625 cm ². The common -sectional area of Letterkenny / A and P4 and A4 is within the tolerance limits of 21 cm × 28 cm and has a random aspect ratio of 3:4 (diagonal 35 cm, surface 588 cm ²); this size is sometimes used as an international exchange or compromise format.

European users met the U.S. letter format sometimes when it is set in an American software as the default for the print format or by such printed or electronic documents (eg PDF).

The card slots of tank bags for motorcycles are often designed for U.S. Letter.

China

Japan

In Japan, in addition to the A- series and the Japanese B- series are additionally uses the following formats:

The uncut sheets of paper have according to JIS P 0202 following sizes:

From a bow Kiku -ban 4 × 4 × 4 are leaves and cut from a sheet Shiroku -ban 8 leaves. Sango -ban is homban from A- retsu; Jūbako -ban, Shinsho -ban, as well as co- B6 -ban ("Little B6" ) from B- retsu homban cut.

In the Edo period, the government of the Tokugawa shogunate used a Mino -ban (美浓 判) called paper format, which had a size of 13 × 9 sun sun ( 394 mm × 273 mm). With the country's modernization in the Meiji period arches in uncircumcised British Crown format of 787 mm x 1092 mm were used, which were then cut into 2 × 4 sheets in the Mino -ban. Because of such sheets 8 leaves in the Mino -ban arose, these sheets Daiyatsu -ban (大 八つ 判, " Large -8 - piece - paper format") was called. Later, these sheets were in 32 leaves per 103 mm × 182 mm cut which also first Daiyatsu -ban were called. In traditional length specification, this corresponded to about 4 (pronounced shi) sun × 6 (pronounced roku ) sun, which is why the format was soon called Shiroku -ban. For the term Sango -ban like as he left his approximate size 3 (san ) sun × 5 (go) sun is.

The Kiku -ban goes back to American uncut sheets of paper of this size. A trading company to have sold it under the brand name of Dahlia ( Dahlia ). This flower was at that time in Japanese as Natsugiku (夏 菊, literally: "Summer Chrysanthemum " ) refers to what then reduced to Kiku ( in Japanese, a former initial consonant can be voiced in word-combinations: k → g) to have been. Another variation is that kiku an acronym for Newspaper (新闻, Shimbun) is because the second character can also be read as kiku.

AB -ban has its name from the use of the width of DIN A4 as the width and the width of JIS B4 than height.

The term Hatoron (ハトロン) at Hatoron -ban is an abbreviation of German " cartridge paper " in Japanese asパトローネ ンパ ピアー( Patorōnenpapiā ) written, which was formerly not always diacritics - here the circle (hand- acute ) overハ- wrote.

Historic formats

In some places, for example in libraries, formats from the 19th century are still in use today. Some values ​​have changed over time some cases by more than an inch.

Historical European formats

Historic British-American formats

Others

The format for Tour Books with spiral binding for turning the landscape has 120 mm ( half spiral width) largely prevailed with 220 mm × since 1990. It fits into the top pockets of many handlebar bags that fit well to racing wheels, and on edge in (large ) inner jacket pockets. Folded hiking maps exhibit similar large high fanfold formats. Accurate, great road maps and city plans are for less windy environment and therefore often higher, ie 11-12 cm × 25-27 cm. Plans with 10 cm × 16 cm and smaller are good breast and handbag consistently.

Check cards, and many other plastic and cardboard cards as calling cards or business cards, measured according to ISO 7810 as ID-1 format 86 mm × 54 mm.

Punch cards with 187 mm × 83 mm were used in the electronic data processing to about 1985 for data input and output. They served with print occasionally as an invoice or payment form.

The grammage of the paper web from the A4 can be determined accurately by weighing 16 arches, because the paper size is A4 one-sixteenth of A 0, which is exactly one square meter.

In the paper and printing is made by specifying the stretching direction, whether longitudinal or transverse, it is cut from a paper web is a sheet of paper. The measure in the stretching direction is underlined (eg: 70 × 100). The stretching direction is transverse to the running direction, since the headbox of the paper machine, the fibers are aligned by the sieving action in the longitudinal direction and stronger pulp expands in thickness than in length when it absorbs moisture ( swells ).