Parish close
A umfriedeter parish ( Breton liorzh - Iliz, French enclos paroissial ) provides in religious art of Europe is a unique phenomenon and comes in this form only in Brittany before.
A umfriedeter parish consists of the following elements:
- A triumphal arch that leads into the district,
- An ossuary ( bret. Karnel, French ossuaire )
- Calvary ( bret. Kalvar, French calvaire ) and
- The church with an upstream entrance hall.
The parish poses a significantly outwardly delimited ensemble of coordinated structures for which the religious center of Calvaire is. Through the triumphal one enters the parish grounds, often through a vertically countersunk, to be overcome only by a large step high stone slab. It provides protection from the dead demons and eternal damnation and makes still clear that you enter a special place. Ossuaries arose from the fact that the cemeteries were spatially very limited. If they were too small, so they dug out of the bones of the deceased for a long time and kept them in an ossuary.
The Calvaires are some simple, some complex monuments on square or circular stone pedestals decorated with encircling figure friezes. In the actual Calvary rises with the representation of the crucifixion of Christ. Among the crosses populate fully sculpted figures, the platform. Even on the cross bars represent figures. They are usually worked simply because of the hard granite stone. Their facial expressions and the lively scenic design shall, however, at at that fantastic effect, which make them an extraordinary phenomenon of Renaissance art.
The origin of the parish in the 16th and early 17th century and its concentration in the northern part of the department of Finistère is explained by the in this region at that time flourishing cloth trade, which brought even small villages prosperity. About the port cities of Morlaix and Landerneau the Weber resulted from their linen fabrics. In an effort to document the wealth acquired visible sprung up among the villages a fierce competition for the most magnificent parish.
The time of the creation of the parish closes coincides with the time of the Wars of Religion. As part of the Counter-Reformation, the Catholic Church wanted to affirm their power and leadership and continued the magnificent buildings therefore also as propaganda and advertising instrument.
The largest parish enclosures are in