Parodia

Parodia microsperma

Parodia is a genus of flowering plants of the cactus family ( Cactaceae ). The botanical name of the genus honors a native of Italy pharmacist and botanist Domingo Parodi ( 1823-1890 ).

  • 4.1 Literature
  • 4.2 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the genus Parodia remain low and grow singly or in groups, usually with small, spherical to short cylindrical stems. On the somewhat gehöckerten or fully resolved in hump ribs sit areoles, which are often densely woolly in the juvenile stage. The few to many spines are different shaped and colored. They can be hooked.

Flowers

The funnel - to bell-shaped, brightly colored flowers appear near the shoot tips and open day. Your Perikarpell and the corolla tube are often busy with hair and bristles, the bristles are often limited to the upper portions of the tube. The scars are often striking red.

Fruit and seeds

The spherical to club-shaped or cylindrical fruits are dry or almost dry and filled with wool or bristles. Thin fruit decay at the base, thick-walled tear on the side. They contain reddish brown to black seeds of various shape. The hilum is large, a seed appendage ( Strophiola ) may be present or absent.

Dissemination

The genus Parodia is spread mainly east of the Andes in Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and South Brazil.

System

The first description was published in 1923 by the Italian- Argentine botanist Carlos Luis Spegazzini. Your type species Echinocactus is microspermus. Anatomical and morphological work of David Richard Hunt and employees and Reto Nyffeler led to the inclusion of the genera Brasilicactus, Brasiliparodia, Eriocactus, Notocactus and Wigginsia in the genus Parodia. These studies also suggested the inclusion of the genera Blossfeldia and Frailea.

The genus Parodia can be divided into three subgenera according to Reto Nyffeler:

  • Subgenus Parodia: Group Parodia ( Parodia s.str. ) The shoots are flat spherical, spherical or columnar and sprouted everywhere. A taproot is rarely present. The engine tissue usually contains no mucus, the epidermis is usually tender. The areoles are always on the humps. The central and radial spines are significantly different from each other. The central spine is sometimes hooked. The flowers are funnel-shaped, Style and stigma are always colored the same. The soft fruits dry up later and open at its base.
  • Notocactus group: ( Notocactus s.str Wigginsia. ) The shoots are flat spherical, spherical or columnar and occasionally sprouted. A beet root is sometimes available. The engine tissue usually contains mucus, the epidermis is often hard. The areoles are located in the valleys between the bumps. The central and radial spines differ. The flowers are wide funnel-shaped to bell-shaped, Style and stigma are colored differently in general. The often extended when ripe fruits open differently.
  • Subgenus Eriocactus: The shoots are at the age often long columnar and occasionally sprouted. The apex impulse is often wrong. The engine tissue contains no mucus. The cusps are fused to straight fins. The areoles are located between the bumps. You are not depressed or indistinct and often highly wooly. The spines are more or less like bristles. The light to dark yellow flowers are wide bell-shaped, Style and stigma are colored the same. The fruits have a hard pericarp and open at its base.
  • Subgenus Brasilicactus: The shoots are flat spheroidal to rarely short columnar. The apex impulse is often wrong. The strikingly soft tissue engine contains no mucus. The bumps are separated from one another and arranged in an oblique line, or fused to the ribs. The round areoles close together. Central spines are trained supervisory or occasionally hooked. There are numerous radial spines present. The are narrow funnel-shaped, Style and stigma are colored the same. The fruits have a thin pericarp and open at its base.

The genus Parodia sensu lato is monophyletic to this extent, the proposed subgenera, however, are not.

Belong to the genus of the following types:

  • Subgenus Parodia Group Parodia s.str. Parodia aureicentra
  • Parodia ayopayana
  • Parodia chrysacanthion
  • Parodia columnaris
  • Parodia comarapana
  • Parodia commutans
  • Parodia formosa
  • Parodia hausteiniana
  • Parodia maassii
  • Parodia microsperma Parodia microsperma subsp. microsperma
  • Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida
  • Parodia allosiphon
  • Parodia arnostiana
  • Parodia buiningii
  • Parodia carambeiensis
  • Parodia concinna Parodia concinna subsp. concinna
  • Parodia concinna subsp. agnetae
  • Parodia concinna subsp. blaauwiana
  • Parodia mammulosa subsp. mammulosa
  • Parodia mammulosa subsp. brasiliensis
  • Parodia mammulosa subsp. erythracantha
  • Parodia mammulosa subsp. eugeniae
  • Parodia mammulosa subsp. submammulosa
  • Parodia ottonis subsp. ottonis
  • Parodia ottonis subsp. horstii
  • Parodia oxycostata subsp. oxycostata
  • Parodia oxycostata subsp. gracilis
  • Parodia rudibuenekeri subsp. rudibuenekeri
  • Parodia rudibuenekeri subsp. glomerata
  • Parodia rutilans subsp. rutilans
  • Parodia rutilans subsp. veeniana
  • Parodia scopa subsp. scopa
  • Parodia scopa subsp. marchesii
  • Parodia scopa subsp. neobuenekeri
  • Parodia scopa subsp. succinea
  • Parodia tabularis subsp. tabularis
  • Parodia tabularis subsp. bommeljei
  • Parodia werneri subsp. werneri
  • Parodia werneri subsp. pleiocephala
  • Subgenus Eriocactus ( Buxb. ) F.H.Brandt Parodia lenninghausii
  • Parodia magnifica
  • Parodia nigrispina
  • Parodia schumanniana Parodia schumanniana subsp. schumanniana
  • Parodia schumanniana subsp. claviceps
  • Subgenus Brasilicactus ( Buxb. ) F.H.Brandt Parodia alacriportana Parodia alacriportana subsp. alacriportana
  • Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata
  • Parodia alacriportana subsp. buenekeri
  • Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis
  • Parodia haselbergii subsp. haselbergii
  • Parodia haselbergii subsp. graessneri

Synonyms of the genus are Malacocarpus Salm- Dyck (1850, nom. Illeg. ICBN article 53.1 ), Hickenia Britton & Rose (1922, nom. Illeg. ICBN article 53.1 ), Notocactus ( K.Schum. ) Fric (1928 ), Brasilocactus Fric (1935, nom. illeg. ICBN article 53.1 ), Microspermia Fric (1935, nom. illeg. ICBN article 53.1 ), Neohickenia Fric (1935, nom. illeg. ICBN article 53.1 ), Acanthocephala Backeb. (1938 ), eriocephala Backeb. (1938 ), Brasilicactus Backeb. (1942, nom. Illeg. ICBN article 52.1? ) Eriocactus Backeb. (1942, nom. Illeg. ICBN article 52.1), Dactylanthocactus Y.Itô (1957, nom. Illeg. ICBN article 52.1), Sericocactus Y.Itô (1957 ), Wigginsia DMPorter (1964 ), Brasiliparodia F.Ritter ( 1979), Aparadoa Vliet (1986, nom. inval. ICBN articles 36.1, 37.1), Peronocactus Doweld (1999, nom. inval. ICBN Article 52.2b ), Ritterocactus Doweld (1999) and Bolivicactus Doweld ( 2000).

Evidence

Cactoideae Carlos Luigi Spegazzini Stigma (botany) David Hunt (botanist) Blossfeldia liliputana Parodia tenuicylindrica Digital Object Identifier
26587
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