Pathogenic bacteria

A bacterial infection is the active or passive penetration of bacteria into a plant, animal or human host, their multiplication there and after the incubation period usually following reaction of the organism in the form of a disease is called a bacterial infection.

Bacteria can be taken up from the environment, for example the breathing or food. In humans, the mucosa of the respiratory tract and the digestive tract is most frequently affected. The institution with the highest incidence of bacterial infections is because it is a border organ the skin itself

Many bacterial infections are harmless, but depending on the germ and especially depending on the location and immunity, they can also be very dangerous.

Routes of infection

Bacteria can reach the host via different routes of infection, such as on the contamination of food and water ( see also Waterborne diseases) or (in the case of airborne transmission ) as a droplet infection through the respiratory air. With a weakened immune situation, the normal flora may (as the totality of the information presented on outer and inner surfaces, usually non-pathogenic microorganisms that consists largely of bacteria) lead to a so-called opportunistic disease.

Turn occurs Penetration

  • In intact barriers (skin, mucous membranes ) is active initially on a species-specific adhesion ( adherence ) of bacteria using so-called adhesins to receptors of their target structures.
  • Passive when damaged barriers.

List of human pathogenic bacteria

  • Streptococci Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius as the cause of dental caries
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, bacterial endocarditis
  • Streptococcus pyogenes with the possible diseases: impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis; scarlet; Sepsis, septic shock, necrotizing fasciitis
  • Streptococcus viridans bacterial endocarditis with
  • Staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for invasive infections such as boils, carbuncles, impetigo, bullous, wound infection, sinusitis, otitis media, sepsis, septic shock, endocarditis ( heart valve replacement), osteomyelitis, bacterial joint infection, pneumonia
  • Coagulase negative staphylococci: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus as opportunists in the normal flora of skin and mucous membranes
  • Staphylococcus intermedius as commensals, especially the skin of the anal region facultative pathogen in pyoderma, otitis externa, pyometra, wound infection
  • Escherichia coli ( outside of the intestines various infections [optional pathogenic ] such as urinary tract infections, peritonitis or meningitis ) Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( asymptomatic [optional pathogenic ] ) or gastroenteritis to a enterohemorrhagic colitis or even a hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS)
  • Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli ( [optional pathogenic ] diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea )
  • Clostridia
  • Listeria
  • Borrelia (Lyme disease )
  • Treponema pallidum ( syphilis)
  • Brucella
  • Francis Ellen ( tularemia )
  • Leptospira
Opportunistic infection Phlegmon Viridans streptococci Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome Pseudomonas Clostridium
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