Pavel Nakhimov
Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov (. .. . Russo Павел Степанович Нахимов, scientific transliteration Pavel Stepanovic Nachimov; * 23 Junijul / July 5 1802greg in Gorodok; † 30 Junijul / July 12 1855greg in Sevastopol ) was an admiral in the Imperial - Russian Navy. He commanded the defending forces at sea and on land at the siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.
Life
He was born the son of a retired Russian majors in Gorodok, a village near the town in the province of Smolensk Wjasma ) and entered the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg in 1815. In 1817 he took on board the frigate Phoenix his first voyage to Sweden and Denmark. He passed his examination in 1818 and was assigned directly to the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy in the rank of top Fähnriches.
Early in his naval career were confined his experiences on the activities in the Baltic Sea and a somewhat more extended journey from Arkhangelsk on the White Sea to the naval base Kronstadt near St. Petersburg. In March of 1822 his career came to a happy turning point, he was transferred to the frigate Kreisser. The ship took part in his third trip around the world under the command Lasarews.
During this three- year journey Nakhimov was promoted to lieutenant. He also received his first award of the Order of St. Vladimir 4th class. Then he was transferred to the battleship Azov, which in 1826 undertook its maiden voyage from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt. In the summer of 1827 the Azov sailed as the flagship of the Russian squadron under the command of the born in the Netherlands Russian Rear Admiral Heiden to a joint expedition of the British, French and Russian Navy against the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean Sea. Before departure, the Azov Tsar Nicholas I visited the ship and gave the order that should be in the event of hostilities with the enemy procedural " Russian style ".
The Azov distinguished himself in the episode under their commander Lazarev at the Battle of Navarino from where the Ottoman fleet was almost completely destroyed. For his extraordinary achievements Nakhimov was appointed captain of a ship and loot awarded by the Allied governments.
During the Crimean War to Nakhimov made , among others, by destroying the Ottoman fleet earned the victory in the Battle of Sinope in 1853. But he achieved his greatest achievement in the subsequent siege of Sevastopol. Together with Admiral Kornilov, he organized the defense of the city and its harbor, the home port of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. As a port commander and military governor Nakhimov was de facto commander of the defending land and naval forces. On June 28, 1855, he was mortally wounded by a sniper during an inspection of the upstream defenses of Fort Malakoff.
Honors
Monuments and name giving ceremonies
Nakhimov was buried together with the two Admirals Kornilov and Istomin in Santa Vladimir cathedral in Sevastopol. With these three people all main responsible admirals of the Russian defenders fell at the siege of Sevastopol. In addition, there is Lasarew buried.
In his honor was erected in 1959 in Sevastopol on the square named after him and a statue of one of the Stadtrajone got its name ( Nakhimov Raion ). Furthermore, the Marine Military Academy, founded by Stalin in 1944 was named in Saint Petersburg and with the donated on March 3, 1944 Nachimoworden the second highest award of the Russian naval fleet after him.
The Nakhimov Medal acknowledged merits member of the Soviet naval fleet.
After the Admiral named vessels
- The Admiral Nakhimov, originally Berlin III, was a passenger ship which sank on August 31, 1986 at the Black Sea. Here, 398 people lost their lives.
- The Admiral Nakhimov was a Russian battleship, one of the first of their kind, which, inter alia, was used in the Russo- Japanese War.
- The Original name of the light cruiser Slava class of Chervona Ukraina ( Ukraine Red ) was Admiral Nakhimov.
- The Admiral Nakhimov, a cruiser Sverdlov class, launched June 29, 1951.
- The Admiral Nakhimov, a missile cruiser of the Kresta II class, launched in 1969, scrapped in 1991.
- The Admiral Nakhimov, originally Kalinin, a battle cruiser of the Kirov - class, launched in 1988.
Movies
- Admiral Nakhimov (film), USSR in 1946, directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin