Pedicularis

Quirlblättriges lousewort ( Pedicularis verticillata )

The plant genus of the lice herbs ( Pedicularis ) belongs to the family of the broomrape family ( Orobanchaceae ). It contains around 600 species in the northern hemisphere.

Description

All lice herb species are semi- parasites that drain with suckers ( haustoria ) the roots of host plants water and nutrient salts. The plants can therefore thrive on dry sites, even though they themselves have not developed to prevent evaporation. Once plucked, wither lice herbs quickly. Lice herb species grow as a perennial or annual, rarely biennial herbaceous plants.

The leaves are alternate, opposite or in whorls distributed on the stem. The lower leaves are usually long -stalked and the upper ones are often more or less sessile. The leaf blades are usually pinnate or pinnately lobed, rarely simple with smooth or toothed edges.

It is a terminal inflorescence present or the flowers are in the leaf axils. The bracts are often leaf-like foliage. The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers have a double perianth. The sepals are fused Roehrig to bell-shaped; the calyx is often more or less two-lipped and usually deep or two - usually five calyx teeth split into rare. The purple, red, yellow or white petals are fused; the crown is strongly two-lipped. The upper lip wrapped hood like the dust bag, is laterally compressed, rounded or truncated and ends in teeth or a beak. The three Corolla lobe of the lower lip are usually spread in the bud stage and outside the upper lip. There are four stamens present. The stamens are hairy or bald fluffy and the dust bag can have a spike tip. The scars are capitate.

The loculicidalen capsule fruits may look a bit compressed and contain many seeds. The seeds have a net-like or ribbed surface.

Alpine lice herb species are fully adapted to the bumble bees as pollinators.

Toxicity

Lice herb plants burning taste sharp and unpleasant smell, so they are shunned by grazing livestock. The consumption should cause intestinal inflammation and hematuria.

All parts of the plant, especially the seeds, are toxic by aucubin.

Dissemination

The genus Pedicularis is widely used in the cold and alpine regions of the northern hemisphere. In China, 352 species have been recorded, 271 of them only there. The center of biodiversity with most species is located in the mountains of southwestern China.

System

The genus Pedicularis was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, pp. 607-610. As lectotype in 1930 Pedicularis sylvatica L. by Francis Whittier Pennell in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 82, pp. 18 set. A synonym for Pedicularis L. Pediculariopsis Á.Löve & D.Löve. The genus Pedicularis belongs to the family Orobanchaceae; earlier, she was assigned to the family Scrophulariaceae.

Regarding the interpretation of the name (Latin pediculus for louse ), there are several options:

• It is a decoction of marsh lousewort ( Pedicularis palustris) was formerly used for cattle and human lice and other vermin
• Or because the cattle are infected with the enjoyment of lice
• Or the ruffled appearance of the strongly pinnatifid leaves gives the impression that they are covered with aphids

There are about 600 species of Pedicularis (selection):

• Pedicularis abrotanifolia
• Pedicularis acaulis
• Pedicularis achilleifolia
• Pedicularis alaschanica Pedicularis alaschanica subsp. alaschanica
• Pedicularis alaschanica subsp. tibetica

• Pedicularis alopecuros var alopecuros
• Pedicularis alopecuros var lasiandra

• Pedicularis anas anas var
• Pedicularis anas var tibetica
• Pedicularis anas var xanthantha

• Pedicularis anthemifolia subsp. anthemifolia
• Pedicularis anthemifolia subsp. elatior

• Pedicularis armata armata var
• Pedicularis armata var trimaculata

• Pedicularis artselaeri var artselaeri
• Pedicularis artselaeri var wutaiensis

• Pedicularis axillaris subsp. axillary
• Pedicularis axillaris subsp. balfouriana

• Pedicularis bella subsp. bella
• Pedicularis bella subsp. holophylla

• Pedicularis cephalantha var cephalantha
• Pedicularis cephalantha var szetchuanica

• Pedicularis cernua subsp. cernua
• Pedicularis cernua subsp. latifolia

• Pedicularis cheilanthifolia subsp. cheilanthifolia
• Pedicularis cheilanthifolia subsp. svenhedinii

• Pedicularis confertiflora subsp. confertiflora
• Pedicularis confertiflora subsp. parvifolia

• Pedicularis cranolopha var cranolopha
• Pedicularis cranolopha var garnieri
• Pedicularis cranolopha var longicornuta

• Pedicularis crenata subsp. crenata
• Pedicularis crenata subsp. crenatiformis

• Pedicularis Cryptantha subsp. Cryptantha
• Pedicularis Cryptantha subsp. erecta

• Pedicularis curvituba subsp. curvituba
• Pedicularis curvituba subsp. provotii

• Pedicularis davidii var davidii
• Pedicularis davidii var pentodon
• Pedicularis davidii var platyodon

• Pedicularis debilis subsp. debilior
• Pedicularis debilis subsp. debilis

• Pedicularis densispica subsp. densispica
• Pedicularis densispica subsp. schneideri
• Pedicularis densispica subsp. viridescens

• Pedicularis diffusa subsp. diffusa
• Pedicularis diffusa subsp. elatior

• Pedicularis elwesii subsp. elwesii
• Pedicularis elwesii subsp. major
• Pedicularis elwesii subsp. minor

• Pedicularis filicula var filicula
• Pedicularis filicula var saganaica

• Pedicularis forrestiana subsp. flabellifera
• Pedicularis forrestiana subsp. forrestiana

• Pedicularis gracilis subsp. gracilis
• Pedicularis gracilis subsp. macrocarpa
• Pedicularis gracilis subsp. sinensis

• Pedicularis gracilituba subsp. gracilituba
• Pedicularis gracilituba subsp. setosa

• Pedicularis gruina subsp. gruina
• Pedicularis gruina subsp. pilosa
• Pedicularis gruina subsp. polyphylla

• Pedicularis gyrorhyncha var glabrisepala

• Pedicularis habachanensis subsp. habachanensis
• Pedicularis habachanensis subsp. multipinnata

• Pedicularis integrifolia subsp. integerrima
• Pedicularis integrifolia subsp. integrifolia

• Pedicularis kansuensis subsp. kansuensis
• Pedicularis kansuensis subsp. kokonorica
• Pedicularis kansuensis subsp. villosa
• Pedicularis kansuensis subsp. yargongensis

• Pedicularis kongboensis var kongboensis
• Pedicularis kongboensis var obtusata

• Pedicularis lasiophrys var lasiophrys
• Pedicularis lasiophrys var sinica

• Pedicularis likiangensis subsp. likiangensis
• Pedicularis likiangensis subsp. pulchra

• Pedicularis longiflora var hongyuanensis
• Pedicularis longiflora var longiflora
• Pedicularis longiflora var tubiformis
• Pedicularis longiflora var yingshanensis

• Pedicularis lutescens subsp. brevifolia
• Pedicularis lutescens subsp. longipetiolata
• Pedicularis lutescens subsp. lutescens
• Pedicularis lutescens subsp. ramosa
• Pedicularis lutescens subsp. tongtchuanensis

• Pedicularis megalochila var ligulata
• Pedicularis megalochila var megalochila

• Pedicularis muscoides var muscoides
• Pedicularis rosea var muscoides

• Pedicularis mussotii var lophocentra
• Pedicularis mussotii var mussotii
• Pedicularis mussotii var mutata

• Pedicularis myriophylla var myriophylla
• Pedicularis purpurea var myriophylla

• Pedicularis oederi subsp. multipinna
• Pedicularis oederi subsp. oederi

• Pedicularis omiiana subsp. diffusa
• Pedicularis omiiana subsp. omiiana

• Pedicularis palustris subsp. Kaori
• Pedicularis palustris subsp. palustris

• Pedicularis pantlingii subsp. brachycarpa
• Pedicularis pantlingii subsp. chimiliensis
• Pedicularis pantlingii subsp. pantlingii

• Pedicularis pheulpinii subsp. chilienensis
• Pedicularis pheulpinii subsp. pheulpinii

• Pedicularis plicata subsp. apiculata
• Pedicularis plicata subsp. luteola
• Pedicularis plicata subsp. plicata

• Pedicularis przewalskii subsp. australis
• Pedicularis przewalskii subsp. hirsuta
• Pedicularis przewalskii subsp. microphyton
• Pedicularis przewalskii subsp. przewalskii

• Pedicularis pygmaea subsp. deqinensis

• Pedicularis resupinata subsp. crassicaulis
• Pedicularis resupinata subsp. galeobdolon
• Pedicularis resupinata subsp. lasiophylla
• Pedicularis resupinata subsp. resupinata

• Pedicularis rex subsp. lipskyana
• Pedicularis rex subsp. parva
• Pedicularis rex subsp. pseudocyathus
• Pedicularis rex subsp. rex
• Pedicularis rex subsp. zayuensis

• Pedicularis rhinanthoides subsp. labellata
• Pedicularis rhinanthoides subsp. rhinanthoides
• Pedicularis rhinanthoides subsp. tibetica

• Allionis lousewort ( Pedicularis rosea subsp. Allionii )
• Pink cabbage lice, lice Pink Pink Red cabbage or cabbage aphids ( Pedicularis rosea subsp. Rosea)

• Pedicularis roylei subsp. megalantha
• Pedicularis roylei subsp. roylei
• Pedicularis roylei subsp. shawii

• Pedicularis rupicola subsp. rupicola
• Pedicularis rupicola subsp. zambalensis

• Pedicularis salviiflora var leiocarpa
• Pedicularis salviiflora var salviiflora

• Pedicularis sceptrum - carolinum subsp. pubescens
• Pedicularis sceptrum - carolinum subsp. sceptrum - carolinum

• Pedicularis siphonantha f albiflora
• Pedicularis siphonantha var delavayi
• Pedicularis siphonantha var siphonantha
• Pedicularis siphonantha var stictochila

• Pedicularis spicata subsp. bracteata
• Pedicularis spicata subsp. spicata
• Pedicularis spicata subsp. stenocarpa

• Pedicularis stenocorys subsp. melanotricha
• Pedicularis stenocorys subsp. stenocorys

• Pedicularis striata subsp. arachnoid
• Pedicularis striata subsp. striata

• Pedicularis szetschuanica subsp. anastomosans
• Pedicularis szetschuanica subsp. latifolia
• Pedicularis szetschuanica subsp. szetschuanica

• Pedicularis thamnophila subsp. cupuliformic
• Pedicularis thamnophila subsp. thamnophila

• Pedicularis triangularidens subsp. chrysosplenioides
• Pedicularis triangularidens subsp. triangularidens

• Pedicularis tricolor var aequiretusa
• Pedicularis tricolor tricolor var

• Pedicularis verticillata subsp. latisecta
• Pedicularis verticillata subsp. tangutica
• Pedicularis verticillata subsp. verticillata

• Pedicularis yui ciliata var
• Pedicularis yui yui var

Name similarities

• Sabadill, Sabadill lousewort, lice Mexican herb ( Schoenocaulon officinale)
• Called White Hellebore ( Veratrum album), also Lauskraut

Swell

• Yang Han -bi, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill: Pedicularis. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 18: Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis in 1998, ISBN 0-915279-55- X, pp. 97, online. (Section Description and dissemination )