Peene Valley

The Peenetal is a landscape in the Vorpommern part of Mecklenburg -Vorpommern in northeastern Germany. It involves the Peene to the river adjacent areas in the counties of Mecklenburg Lakes and Vorpommern - Greifswald in its course from Lake Kummerow along the cities Dargun, Demmin, Loitz, Jarman, Gützkow and Anklam to the mouth of the river Peene. The Peenetal is considered a by industrial use and other human activities only slightly influenced natural landscapes with high biodiversity as well as the state level representative significance, and is subject to wide ranges corresponding measures of the nature and landscape protection. It includes a core zone area of ​​about 20,000 hectares and a total area of ​​about 45,000 hectares, is the largest contiguous area of ​​marshland in central Europe.

• 2.1 Economic Terms
• 2.2 Traffic and industrial buildings

Landscape and Nature

Genesis and geomorphology

The Peenetal comprises all the land adjacent to the Peene in its course from Lake Kummerow up to their delta -like mouth of the river Peene. The Peenestrom is, despite its name, no part of the Peene more, but a tributary of the Oder and at the same time an inlet of the Baltic Sea. In terms of the natural environment provides the Peenetal an especially through bogs, forests, wetlands and Magerrasen embossed lowland area dar. In particular, the extensive fens are due to the emergence of the Peene about 10,000 years ago as the melting water outlet of the receding glaciers in the Oder Lagoon and Baltic Sea region during the Weichselian. The water was flowing at this time to the west, creating a melt water channel was created in the previous Grundmoränenablagerungen which formed the bed of the river Peene. This runs from the Lake Kummerow to Loitz first in the northeast and then to the mouth in an easterly or southeasterly direction.

The Peene is one of the few unspoilt and non-accumulating regulated rivers in Germany and is therefore almost completely dominated in their current state of their natural origin and formation. One result of this history, which influences the shape and ecology of the Peene valley until today, is the very low gradient of the river, which is about 24 centimeters from the Lake Kummerow at around 100 kilometers of river length and a very low flow rate and low flow result has. Furthermore, the approximately 500 to 700 meters wide flooding Moore featured in Peenetal by comparatively high groundwater levels, which are just like the water levels of the Peene due to the connection to the Baltic heavily on weather conditions such as wind direction and rainfall dependent. Since the Baltic Sea acts of climatological point of view as a heat storage and buffer, the weather in Peenetal as in the rest of coastal areas compared to inland part of the country Mecklenburg- Vorpommern is characterized by milder summers and warmer winters. The proximity of the Peene has the Oder and its Lagoon. Due to the access of migratory fish species affect the biodiversity in their fish stock

Fauna and Flora

The Peenetal applies with regard to its environmental structure as representative of a number of typical biotopes of the north German lowlands. It is characterized by a rich variety of animal and plant life and acts for a number of endangered and rare animal and plant species as a retreat. At the domestic here animals, for example, include a number of amphibians, including several toads, frogs and toads, and reptiles such as lizards, forest lizards, grass snakes and adders, as well as beaver, otter, sea and spotted eagle, grain and Montagu's Harriers and kingfishers. Of the 156 bird species recorded in the Peene valley, about 80 percent of the detected species in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, about 40 percent are on the Red List of endangered species in the country, including 26 in Europe protected species. The Peenetal is therefore considered one of the most important bird habitats in Germany.

Among the 37 regularly or temporarily living in the Peene fish species include lead, roach, perch, pike, tench and catfish. The also occurring species asp, wolf, river and brook lamprey, salmon and loach are Europe under special protection. The Peene is thus most likely the fish species-rich river system of the state of Mecklenburg- Vorpommern. At insects are a total of 149 beetle species, of which 24 demonstrated with Red List status, as well as 33 dragonfly species, 64 butterfly species and 483 moth species, including five species of the family of Burnet in Peenetal. Among occurring in Peenetal butterflies three species are considered threatened with extinction and nine as endangered. As rare plants grow here, such as various types of orchids and other orchids that Mehlprimel, the congregation Butterwort and the Common Pasque. Other typical plants are shrub - birch, globe flower and marsh gentian. Approximately 25 percent of proven here around 740 plant species are on the Red List.

Human activities

Economic use

The counties of Pomerania and East Pomerania, where the Peene valley lies are industrially little developed and characterized by a correspondingly low population density, a predominantly rural population, as well as in comparison with the national average and other parts of Mecklenburg -Vorpommern high unemployment in the population. The demographic development since 1990 due to emigration and declining birth rate and a marked, caused in part by aging. Economic priorities of the region are tourism and agriculture. For the use of the Peene and the adjacent surfaces of the Peene valley therefore a development in the context of so-called sustainable tourism is aimed primarily. To exist in the course of the Peene, referred in particular in its estuary behind Anklam as the "Amazon of the North", several canoe stations and Wasserwanderrastplatz places. Marinas for recreational boating consist for example in Loitz and Stolpe. River cruises play in the tourist use of the Peene, however, only a minor role.

As a waterway for industrial goods transportation Peene is only of limited regional significance. It is classified from its mouth to Demmin as an inland waterway in the category IV, the more navigable part of Demmin to Malchin belongs to category III. Navigable inland connections to economically relevant inland waterways do not exist. In the 1950s and 1960s there were plans to integrate the Peene under a procedure called as Recknitz - Cernosin - Peene- channel project in a waterway, to be connected with that of 1960 opened the overseas port of Rostock on the inland waterways in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) should. To a reaction, it did not come. Inland ports along the Peene exist in Malchin, Demmin, Loitz, Jarman and Anklam. Here are the ports in Demmin, Anklam Jarman and, in 2003 was the envelope when taken together, around 85 890 tonnes, compared to previous years declined for the freight of meaning. About half of this was achieved through fertilizer, more goods with significant throughput volumes were building materials, grains and scrap. The approximately 20 kilometers north of the Peene located at the mouth of the river Peene seaport of the city Wolgast, who is both for domestic as well as for sea of meaning, generated compared to an approximately ten times higher turnover.

Transport and industrial buildings

Completed in 2005, Baltic Sea motorway A20, which runs from the Uckermark to Lübeck, leads Jarman and Gützkow by the Peene valley. It crosses here the Peene and adjacent areas on the 1110 -meter-long Peene Viaduct, which was built from 1998 to 2001. The bridge is characterized by a special cross-section without a hard and with a reduced median strip width, a noise-reducing road surfaces, sealed barriers against the entry of spray as well as a limitation of train speed to 100 kilometers per hour. For ecological compensation for bridge an area of ​​186 hectares was renatured in the Peene valley beyond. The construction of the highway through the ecologically sensitive Peenetal was highly controversial, despite these measures, accompanied by some intense protests, including one built by highway opponents hut village near the town of Breechen. The symbol for the ultimately unsuccessful resistance, but also partly for the rejection of the view of the highway advocates exaggerated nature and landscape protection requirements, the high moorland ground beetle ( Carabus menetriesi menetriesi ) was.

Two industrial buildings that are run through the Peene valley and because of the potential impact of the construction on nature and landscape are considered controversial, are planned by the Hamburg-based company Concord Power NORDAL pipeline and the proposed by Wingas OPAL pipeline to transport of natural gas. With two lines to natural gas, which would probably be going with the year 2011 and imported in Lubmin near Greifswald landings Baltic pipeline from Russia, will be redirected to Bernau bei Berlin in Brandenburg or Olbernhau in Saxony. The approved course of both gas lines would partly in parallel to the A20 and cross the Peene valley. The construction of the OPAL pipeline has started in October 2009, for the NORDAL line are also all necessary approvals.

Conservation

For Peenetal with a total area of ​​9,600 acres include nature reserves " Anklamer city break ", " Peenetal from Salem to Jarman " (with the recent NSG " Devener wood " and " Neukalener bog meadows "), " Peene Meadows at Gützkow ", " Peenetal west of Gützkower Fährdammes "," Schwingetal and Peene meadows at Trantow "and " Lower Peenetal ( Peenetalmoor ) ". Furthermore, it contains the landscape protection areas " Mecklenburg Switzerland / Lake Kummerow ," " Trebeltal " and "Lower Peenetal ". In addition, the region is under the name " Peenetal from Lake Kummerow to shame ferry" as a bird sanctuary by the EC Directive 79/409/EEC. The Peenetal under the name " Peenetal / Peene- Haff Moor " is a nature conservation project of the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN ) with a budget of 31.1 million euros for the funding period 1992-2008, which is applied to approximately 73 percent of federal. The state of Mecklenburg -Vorpommern contributing approximately 19 percent of the Finance, responsible for the implementation of the project purpose association " Peenetal landscape " based in Anklam, holding roughly eight percent. Members of the association are the cities of Demmin, Loitz, Jarman, Gützkow and Anklam, the two affected counties and the association " Nature Protection in the Peene valley " through which the volunteer nature is involved in the project.

Since there are with the Jasmund National Park, the Müritz National Park and the National Park Boddenlandscape already three of the 14 national parks in Germany in Mecklenburg -Vorpommern, the national government has the creation and maintenance of a national park " Peenetal " State Institution following the BfN promotion rejected several times. Also, proposals for the realization of a national park in the form of a foundation based private funds have been assessed by the relevant authorities and associations for legal and financial reasons as not feasible. Instead, in July 2011, the nature park river landscape Peenetal was established with an area of about 33,400 hectares. Office of the Natural Park is Stolpe.