Phellinus
Common fire sponge ( Phellinus igniarius )
The fire sponges ( Phellinus ) is a fungal genus of the family of bristle Scheiblingkirchen relatives ( Hymenochaetaceae ).
The type species is the Common fire sponge ( Phellinus igniarius ).
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fire sponges form multi-year, console- to crust-like fruiting bodies whose tubes are layered with pore- shaped, mostly brown fruit layer and often have a hard crust. The pores of the fruiting bodies are small and cramped. The trama of the fruiting body is hard, brown and dry, with KOH it will turn black.
Microscopic characteristics
Microscopically, the fire sponges are characterized by a dimitische Hyphenstruktur, with generative hyphae are cylindrical, thin-walled and colorless to yellowish. The Skeletthyphen are thick-walled, yellowish brown and hardly branched. Buckles missing, in the fruit layer brown, conical - pointed apical setae are usually present. The basidia are short, ellipsoid - clavate, colorless and viersporig, a Basalschnalle missing. The spores of the fire sponges are spherical or ellipsoidal to cylindrical and smooth; they can be thin or thick walls and are inamyolid ( with Jodreagenz not blue discolouring ).
Ecology
The fire sponges are parasitic, often highly host- specific wood residents who produce a white rot in the infested wood. After the death of the host, they can still continue to live for some time saprobiontisch the substrate.
Species
Worldwide, there are about 180 species in the wider sense. For Europe, the following types are specified or are not expected for:
Black Birch tinder Phellinus nigricans
Poplar - fire sponge Phellinus populicola
Aspen - fire sponge Phellinus tremulae
Plum fire sponge Phellinus tuberculosus
System
The fire sponges form a variety of morphologically difficult to differing types, some of which are separated only by the choice of substrate. The Artabgrenzung and naming is therefore controversial and in flux. The fire sponges are closely related to the Schillerporlingen, form the one-year fruiting bodies with monomitischer Hyphenstruktur. Some studies suggest that both species can not be separated from each other and they are either brought together in a common genus Phellinus in the broader sense or separate into several smaller genera. The satellite genera are Fomitiporella, Fomitiporia, Fuscoporia, Phellinidium, Phellopilus, Phylloporia and Porodaedalea.
Naming
The name comes from the fact that the structure of the fire sponges after contact with fire / sparks smolder for a long time, thus enabling a simple, re- kindling of a fire.
Importance
Some fire sponge species are harmful as parasites of fruit or park trees; mushrooms as they do not come into question because of their tough, corky consistency.