Philippe Guerrier

Philippe Guerrier ( born December 19, 1757 Grande Rivière du Nord, † April 15, 1845 in Saint -Marc ) was a Haitian politician and President of Haiti.

Biography

Military career

During the War of Independence from 1801 to 1804 he was a soldier and distinguished himself as such special bravery especially in the Battle of vertieres from. After the reintroduction of slavery in the French colonies by Napoleon Bonaparte defeat the rebellious blacks in the French part of Hispaniola under Jean- Jacques Dessalines on 18 November 1803, the French in the Battle of vertieres crucial and thus finally win the independence of Haiti.

After the War of Independence, he resigned from the army and settled as a farmer on a plantation. For his contribution to the independence of Haiti, he was later elevated by King Henry I ( Henri I. ) as Duke ( Duc) de L' Avance to the peerage.

President from 1844 to 1845

The uprisings against President Riviere- Hérard in the south and the north of Haiti

In the department of Sud, the situation was tense. The small farmers of Les Cayes expected the fulfillment of the promises previously made ​​to them by Charles Riviere- Hérard. On March 27, 1844, the suffering army ( " L' Armée Souffrante ") was established under the leadership of Jean -Jacques Acaau at a meeting in Camp -Perrin. Acaau, a man without any education, received the title of General awarded and had a talent for mass mobilization. Thus he became the leader of the uprising, on the April 5, 1844 succeeded the conquest of Les Cayes. In the aftermath, there was brutal and bloody violence of the rural poor against the rich city population.

While Acaau ruled as dictator of Les Cayes, also attacked the small farmers of Grand Anse to arms. These conquered Jérémie and soon took its authority throughout the Department Nippes. Here, too, there were outbreaks of violence against the city 's population, which had granted the rural poor above loans at high interest rates and for non- payment of the interest agreed imitated their country.

After the criticism of President Charles Riviere- Hérard spread to the north of Haiti, failed the people of Cap -Haitien in a proclamation of April 25, 1844 the President of the continued support of his government. At the same time Guerrier was appointed by the State Council as President of Northern Haiti.

Although there were political and southern agricultural reasons for the uprisings in the north, had both regions of the country as a common objective the overthrow of Riviere- Hérard whose mistakes were the basis for the riots. This was in Azua in the Dominican Republic, which had recently declared independence on February 27, 1844 by General Pedro Santana of Haiti. Ultimately, however, he made no resistance against his dismissal, but first went to Arcahaie in the department of Ouest and later exiled to Jamaica.

Presidency

On 3 May 1844, the population of the capital Port-au -Prince following the example of Cap- Haitien and welcomed Guerrier solemnly as the new president of Haiti.

After the performance of his oath of office on 9 May 1844, he began with the restoration of peace in the south of Haiti. He also tried on him by the presidency dictatorial power to use only moderate, so that at his request, the insurgent peasants of the South ultimately actually laid down their arms.

Then he started reforming the public education system and established secondary schools ( lycées ) in Cap -Haitien and Les Cayes. On the other hand, there were the political system to a change of parliamentarism by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate have been replaced by a Council of State.