Pholiota nameko
Japanese nameko in culture on a pressboard block
The Japanese nameko ( Pholiota nameko ), also called nameko (Japanese滑 子), Tuscany fungus or gold cap, is a fungus of the genus Pholiota. He lives saprobiontisch and has primarily as a part of Japanese cuisine is of great importance.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fungus has hemispherical to convex, 3-8 cm wide, orange-brown hats with slimy and shiny surface. The yellowish -brown to ocher- brown lamellae are grown on 5-8 cm long stem and its edges are finely notched. The stalk itself is yellowish to pale ocher colored at the tip and scaled brownish below the ring. The brownish ring is slimy and not long adherent. The whitish flesh is slightly farinaceous smell and the taste was insignificant; the spore print is cinnamon.
Microscopic characteristics
The hyphae have buckles; the fungus does not have pleurocystidia. The fungal spores have a size of 4-7 × 2.5-3 microns and sit each foursome on the basidia. The mycelium of the Japanese Stockschwämmchens is heterothallic, ie the fungus is dependent on the propagation of the fertilization by other conspecifics.
Damage
An infested wood caused the Japanese Stockschwämmchen white rot: The wood is increasingly losing its color, is fibrous, soft and loses its compressive strength. Finally, in the final stage of decomposition, it assumes a spongy consistency. Characteristic here are dark lines that appear at the edge of the affected areas and along which the fungus regulates the moisture in the wood.
Ecology and distribution
The Japanese nameko is a saprobiontischer wood residents and is originally available only in the East Asian islands. In Europe it is only found in culture. The fungus colonized primarily dead wood of oaks and beeches.
System
Within the genus Pholiota nameko the Japanese is relatively isolated. The slimy surface of the fruiting body and the lack of pleurocystidia and actually characteristic of this genus Hutschuppen led to the taxonomic classification of this kind has long been controversial. The fungus was therefore often found in subgenera as Hemipholiota or with the closely related genus Schüpplingen Kuehneromyces. Recent comparisons of ribosomal DNA in the genus Pholiota revealed a close relationship of Pholiota nameko to the species P. aurivella, P. and P. limonella adiposa. For the Japanese Stockschwämmchen no varieties are recognized.
Importance
In Japan and other East Asian countries, this mushroom is a popular edible mushroom and is eaten mainly in Misosuppen, Soba and Nabemono. To this end, the Japanese nameko, as well as other edible Holzzersetzer, grown in culture. In this case, until the first half of the 20th century affected by the fungus logs were placed in water. Subsequently, this water contaminated with spores was applied to cope sawn pieces of wood. This process worked in that the Japanese Stockschwämmchen can also colonize wood that still contains living cells. 1931 first sawdust was used as the substrate. This method prevailed in the sequence and has been optimized in the 1960s by the addition of wheat bran. Mushroom growing has a long tradition in Japan, is also associated with health risks. The spores of the Japanese Stockschwämmchens can be inhaled over a long period of time, lead to chronic lung inflammation, which is known in Japan as " mushroom grower - lung".
In China, this fungus is grown increasingly large scale. Thus began production of one ton in culture produced mushrooms in 1986 to 172 tons in 2003. This is the Japanese Stockschwämmchen tenth among the most cultivated cultivated mushrooms in China.
Trivia
In the game " Mushroom Garden Deluxe " by the Japanese company " Beeworks Games " is about to breed different Nameko species and harvest.