Pietro Pomponazzi

Pomponazzi Pietro ( Peter Pomponatius ) ( born September 16, 1462 Mantua, † May 18, 1525 in Bologna ) was an Italian philosopher and humanist of the Renaissance.

His education began in Mantua and was completed in Padua, when he became a doctor of medicine there in 1487. In 1488 he got a reputation as a professor of philosophy at the University of Padua. From 1495 to closure of the university in 1509 he held the chair of natural philosophy. He then accepted a professorship at the University of Ferrara. In 1512 he was invited to Bologna, where he remained until his death and where he wrote all his major works.

Teaching

In his time there was in Florence at the University of Platonism. In Padua, however, was an Aristotelian direction, and this one was based on the comments of the Spanish- Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd ( Averroes Latin ). The interpretation of Aristotle by Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas was scholastically, while the Averroists between active and passive intellect distinguished. The active intellect is immortal, the passive ( the individual soul ) go under at death.

Pomponatius turned in his major work De immortalitate animae (On the immortality of the soul) against both views. He rejected - in the sense of Aristotle's interpretation of Alexander of Aphrodisias ( AD to 200 AD) and as before him John Buridan any belief in immortality of the human soul, thus sat in conflict with Pope Leo X, who on the 1513 5th Lateran Council in the Bull " Apostolici Regiminis " had just condemned the doctrine of the mortality of the soul .. Because with his doctrine of the Church with the threat of hell torments after death was ineffective, received Pomponazzi applause of his readers, but met with the Pope on significant resistance. In Venice Pomponazzi main work was publicly burned and condemned by Pope Leo X.; numerous counter- tracts under which Pomponazzi main opponent Nifo wrote the most influential published. In addition, he was accused in the Roman Curia for frivolity and heresy. Luckily for him there, the influential Pietro Bembo ( later Cardinal ) sat for him; he came to no church court. The Apologia and Defensorium writings served primarily as a defense against the attacks of his opponents.

Pomponazzi regarded as the founder of the so -called " Alexandrism ", a flow of the Italian Renaissance philosophy. He also articulated the doctrine of the three impostors ( Moses, Christ, Mohammed ) drew the existence of immaterial spirits in doubt (angels, etc.) and represented chose the doctrine of double truth ( on the one hand a scientific, on the other hand, a faith- even truth ). He defended his deviating from the Church's teaching knowledge.

He sees the essence of man in the ability (at least conceptually) to go beyond the natural, therefore, is not his destiny in the Hereafter ( for the soul is immanent ), but in the structure of the moral order in this world. The reward of the virtuous action is virtue itself, by making the people blissful. Pomponatius ' message is: "Do you and your neighbor's good, the vicious, the truck itself to a plague. " Contradictions in his approach are mainly resulting in that it would in some cases not risk too great distance from the Church's teaching. That is why he fell back on the doctrine of double truth; one can always distinguish between the reasoned knowledge in knowledge and faith, so that they could hold also in the immortality of the soul but at the same time.

Works

  • De intensione et remissione formarum 1514
  • De reactione 1515
  • De actione implemented in 1515
  • Tractatus de immortalitate animae 1516
  • Apologia contra Contarenum 1518
  • Defensorium adversus Augustinum Niphum 1519
  • In libros ( scil Aristotelis ) de anima 1520
  • La psicologia di PP: commento al De anima di Aristotele 1877
  • De naturalium effectuum admirandorum causis sive de incantationibus liber 1520
  • Tracatus de nutritione et augmentatione 1521
  • Dubitationes in IV Meteorologicorum Aristotelis Librum 1563
  • Pomponazzi, Pietro: treatise on the immortality of the soul. Bilingual edition - Latin - German. Translated and with an introduction edited by Burkhard Mojsisch, Meiner, Hamburg 1990
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