Pisum

Pea ( Pisum sativum )

The plant genus of the pea (Pisum ) belongs to the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). Of economic importance the used as a food plant garden pea (Pisum sativum ). Many species from other genera also contain the name part - pea, for example, the chickpea.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Pisum species grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants, mostly with leafy vines climbing. The pencil -like stems are hairless and are often not independently upright.

The change-constant leaves are pinnate pairs with one to three pairs of leaflets. The ovate to elliptical leaflets have a smooth or toothed margins. The rachis ending in a in a mostly three - or fünfästigen tendril. The foliage leaf-like stipules are heart-shaped and up to 10 cm larger than the leaflets.

Generative features

In many long-stemmed, racemose inflorescences are one to many flowers together. The bracts are small and frail and bracts absent.

The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic, five petals have a double perianth. The five leaf-like, unequal sepals are fused bell- shaped, with at least two calyx teeth are at most twice as long as the calyx tube. The five crown is often white, rarely red to pink to bluish. The flag is nailed obovate. The two wings are fused with the boat and larger than the same. There are ten stamens present, the stamen tube is not cut wrong and the anthers are all equal. The ovary is almost sitting and contains many ovules. The dished pen along grooved, slightly flattened at the top and hairy bearded. The scar is small.

The long elliptical, flattened legume contains many seeds. The nearly spherical seeds have a hilum which is covered by an aril.

Dissemination

The genus of the pea is common in the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. Pisum sativum is grown in the Temperate Zones worldwide.

System

The genus belongs to the tribe of the pea Fabeae ( Syn: Vicieae ) in the subfamily Faboideae within the Fabaceae family.

The genus name Pisum was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. Type species is Pisum sativum L.

The genus of the pea are currently only two ( or three) types:

• Pisum fulvum Sm
• Pea ( Pisum sativum L.): There are five subspecies: Pisum sativum subsp. abyssinicum ( A.Braun ) Govorov
• Pisum sativum subsp. asiaticum Govorov
• Pisum sativum subsp. elatius ( Steven ex M.Bieb. ) Asch. & Graebn: . These are described in three varieties: Pisum sativum subsp. elatius var brevipedunculatum P.H.Davis & Meikle
• Pisum sativum subsp. elatius ( Steven ex M.Bieb. ) Asch. & Graebn. elatius var
• Pisum sativum subsp. elatius var pumilio Meikle

• Pisum sativum subsp. sativum var arvense (L.) Poir.
• Pisum sativum subsp. sativum var macrocarpon Ser.
• Pisum sativum subsp. sativum L. var sativum

All species, subspecies and varieties have a chromosome complement of 2n = 14 and are fully fertile interbreed with each other.

A Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Fabeae has recently shown that the genus Pisum in the genus of grass pea ( Lathyrus ) is nested, the peas must therefore be phylogenetically properly considered vetchlings and inscribed. This nomenclatural recombination, however, was not yet completed.