Polymnia

Polymnia canadensis

Polymnia is the only genus of the tribe Polymnieae in the subfamily of herbaceous plants in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The only four species are widespread in the central to eastern North America.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Polymnia species grow as annuals to perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of growth of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. Often they form rhizomes as outlasting. The upright stems are branched at the top.

The arranged alternately along the stems or twigs arranged distributed leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is often more or less winged and often has Columnar comprehensive, deformed appendages. The simple to irregular fiederlappigen or fiederteiligen at Polymnia johnbeckii leaf blades are in outline delta-shaped or rounded - rhombic to heart- or egg-shaped. There can be three to eleven lobes present. The leaf margin is smooth to more or less serrated coarse. The leaf surfaces are fine to rough hairy, glabrous or glabrous; they are distinctly glandular- dotted and / or they have stalked glandular hairs ( Indument, trichomes ). There is Fiedernervatur.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

In schirmrispigen total inflorescences are loose to tight two to more than five capitula -shaped buds together. The involucre is hemispherical with a diameter of 0.4 to 1.5 centimeters. In two rows of roof target -like overlapping 6 are up over 21 durable bracts, of which the outer two to six are ovate to linear and more or less herbaceous and inner are ovate to lanceolate, nearly equal to or shorter than the outer and trockenhäutiger. The inner bracts are often similar to the chaff leaves. The cage floors are flat to convex. The membranous to trockenhäutigen chaff leaves are obovate to lanceolate or spatulate - wrong.

The flower heads contain only two to six florets ( ray florets = ) and 12 to 30 florets ( = disc florets ). The female, fertile, zygomorphic ray flowers have pale yellowish to whitish corollas with fluffy hairy Kronröhren and more or less wedge-shaped to linealischen tongues ending in three Kronzähnen; sometimes the tabs are barely visible or absent. The functionally male fertile florets have bright yellow corollas, whose corolla tube is shorter than the abruptly widening Kronschlund with five triangular to lanceolate - ovate corolla lobes. The counters of the anthers are bright and have at their upper ends triangular appendage. The spherical pollen is spiny ( echinat, so with free-standing, rod- shaped, pointed Exineelementen longer than 1 micrometer ). The lower portion of the thin pen is bare, the two pen branches are covered with short bend in the pollination possible time not come back.

The three - to six - edged or rippigen achenes are plump - pear-shaped flattened and more or less, and often they are beaked tiny. Between the edges or ribs, the sparse rough hairy or bald achenes are finely grooved. There is no pappus present. In the bowl of achenes Phytomelanin is included and they are thus black.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number berträgt x = 15; it is present in all four diploidy, ie 2n = 30

Systematics and distribution

The genus Polymnia was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, p 926. Type species is Polymnia canadensis L. The botanical genus name is derived from Polymnia Polymnia ( Πολύμνια, the anthem Rich ), one of the nine Greek Muses, from.

Polymnia is the only genus of the tribe Polymnieae in the subfamily herbaceous within the family Asteraceae. The Tribe Polymnieae ( H.Rob. ) Panero was drawn up in 2002 by Jose L. Panero. The basionym subtribe Polymniinae H.Rob. was Harold Ernest Robinson in A revision of the tribal and Subtribal limits of the Heliantheae ( Asteraceae), Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, published in 1981.

Many species that were previously included in the genus Polymnia include, since Harold Ernest Robinson in 1978 to the genus Smallanthus Mack. ex Small. There are now only remained the few North American species in the genus Polymnia.

The natural distribution of the genus Polymnia ranges from central to eastern North America. Polymnia canadensis is the most common, whereas Polymnia cossatotensis has a small area, and specific habitat requirements and Polymnia johnbeckii is a rare endemic species.

In the genus Polymnia since 2011, four types are:

• Polymnia canadensis L.: It comes in the southern part of the Canadian state of Ontario and in the U.S. states of Connecticut, Indiana, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma Wisconsin, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and the District of Columbia. It thrives in moist, shady locations on dry to rich calcareous soils.
• Polymnia cossatotensis Pittman & VMBates: You geiht only flint outcrops at altitudes of 300 to 500 meters only Cossatot mountain range in Arkansas and is only known from four locations.
• Polymnia johnbeckii D.Estes: it was first described in 2011. This rare species is only from two localities in Marion County in Tennessee known. The only two sites are located approximately 5 km apart in karst slopes in oak forests.
• Polymnia laevigata Beadle: It occurs in the southeastern U.S. states of Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri and northwestern Florida. It thrives in moist, shady sites on calcareous soils at altitudes of 10 to 300 meters.

Use in folk medicine of indigenous peoples of North America

( Known in North America White Flower LeafCup ) Polymnia canadensis was used by the tribe of Houma in Louisiana as a drug to treat swelling on the skin by winding with crushed leaves. The Iroquois used Polymnia canadensis as toothache medicine.

Swell

• John L. Strother: Polymnia, page 39 - text Registered as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 21: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3 ( Heliantheae, Eupatorieae ). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530565-5 (Sections Description and systematics)
• Tribus Polymnieae, July 11, 2011 at the Tree of Life project.
• Dwayne Estes & James Beck: A new species of Polymnia (Asteraceae: Tribe Polymnieae ) from Tennessee. In: Systematic Botany, Volume 36, 2011, p 481-486: doi: 10.1600/036364411X569660