Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)
The Pomeranians were a slawischsprachiger tribe that settled in Pomerania in the north of present-day Poland, as well as on the Oder estuary in what is now Pomerania.
Since the 7th century, West Slavic tribes on the lower Oder are known. Whether a rest Germanic settlement from the time of the migration in these areas was still present, is debatable. The Pomeranians were later called are in the early 7th century, probably from the Carpathian Mountains and the field of upper Oder eingewandert.Die Pomoranian settlement boundaries were around 900 the rivers Oder in the West, Vistula in the east and networks in the south. Middle of the 9th century are called by the Bavarian geographer Prissani and Velunzani that are supposedly with tribes to join Pomerania and Pomerania.
End of the 10th century was divided Duke Mieszko I of Poland or his son Boleslaw I. the coastal land between the Oder and Vistula estuary his domain a, from which the Pomeranians 1005-1013, at the time of Poland campaigns of the German king Henry II, were able to solve again. In the period of Polish rule in the year 1000 included the formation of a bishopric in Kolberg under Bishop Reinbern, which was subordinate to the Archdiocese of Gniezno. But the diocese remained an inconsequential episode, since already 1005/1007 the Pomeranians were able to shake off the Polish rule of Boleslaw the Brave again and I. Bishop Reinbern left Pomerania again.
To 1123/24 submitted to the - since 1122 Poland again under standing - Pomoranenfürst Wartislaw I also areas west of the Oder on originally liutizischem area. The Pomeranians were Christianized to the efforts of the prince by the later canonized Bishop Otto of Bamberg in two mission trips, 1124 (east of the Oder) and 1128 (west of the Oder). 1140 was the bishopric of Wollin, which was directly under the Pope, confirmed by Innocent II. To 1176, it was during the Pomeranian -Danish wars, moved to Kammin was called the diocese of Pomerania.
There was in Pomerania always at least two power centers, one near the Oder river, one near the Vistula. As of 1164, the Western Pomoranian princes took from the house of gripping their country from the Saxon Duke Henry the Lion as a fief, so that the later Duchy of Pomerania came under German influence. The eastern disposed toward the Vistula part of Pomoranian settlement area came under Polish sovereignty. Due inter alia, through the depopulation of entire areas by the wars of the 12th century (inner Baltic Slavic wars, Wendish Crusade, Danish invasions ) promoted the Pomeranian dukes, the German eastern settlement and entered in 1181 the Holy Roman Empire at. Incumbents Pomeranians as well as the beginning of the 12th century conquered Slavs west of the Oder were integrated in the following centuries for the most part dominated by German settlers new social order (see also Germanization ). Last remnants of the Slavic Pomeranians are the Kashubian who inhabit today the former counties Stolp, Pommern, Buetow, Pomerania, Konitz, Berent, Karthaus, Neustadt and Puck in the historical Pomerania, and especially in the former Pomerania (West Prussia Royal proportion ).
Footnotes
- Historical European ethnicity
- Slavic ethnic group
- Pomeranian history