Pomors
Pomors (Russian Поморы transcribed Pomory ) is the name of a subgroup of the Russian ethnic group in the north of Russia. As Pomors the settlers are called, who settled on the shores of the White Sea in the 12th century, as well as their present-day descendants.
Etymology
The name Pomors derives from the landscape designation Pomorje which denotes a historical area on the White Sea. It is composed of the Russian words po (Russian по ) and more (Russian море ), meaning the sea. Thus, the word has the same etymological meaning as well as the slawischstämmige word Pomerania. For the first time the term appeared as word Pomorez in 1526 in Russian chronicles under the title " Pomorzy s morja Okijana is Kondolakskoi Guby prossili vmeste s lopljanami ustroistwa zerkwi " (Russian " Поморцы с моря Окияна из Кондолакской губы просили вместе с лоплянами устройства церкви "; translated Pomorzen from the sea Okijan [ Ocean ] from the bay Kondolaksker asked along with Lopljanen the construction of a church). With the establishment of the administrative unit Pomorje the term was Pomors often wrongly used as a synonym for all peoples of Gouvernemente Olonets, Arkhangelsk and Vologda.
History
In the 12th century came Slavic discoverer of the principalities of Novgorod and Rostov - Suzdal in front of the populated by Finno-Ugric peoples Bjarmeland. From the 14th century the first permanent settlements along the seacoast and on the banks of the Northern Dvina were founded. The Pomors mentioned settlers explored the coastal region of the Barents Sea, the Kola Peninsula, Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya. With their ships the Pomors also reached beyond the Urals to northern Siberia, where it east of the Yamal Peninsula, the commercial city Mangaseya founded in 1601. The Pomors entertained the northern trade route between Arkhangelsk and Siberia. Before the rise Archangelsks the late 16th century was their most important city Kholmogory.
The traditional way of Pomors based on fisheries, whaling and hunting. In the tundra regions they operated fur hunting and reindeer herding. The maritime trade of grains and fish to Norway was important to them. This trade was so intense that developed a Russian- Norwegian pidgin language from about 1750, which is known as Russenorsk. Among the known Pomors included Mikhail Lomonosov, Fedot Shubin, Semyon Deschnjow and Jerofei Khabarov.
Status today
In 2002, the Pomors were first considered as a subset of the Russian ethnic group in the All-Russian census. In the census of 2002, 6571 people called the Pomors, of which 6295 in the Arkhangelsk Oblast and 127 in the Murmansk Oblast. However, all attempts by the Pomors were so far unsuccessfully, to be regarded as an indigenous people of the Russian North and included in the Unified Register of indigenous small peoples of Russia.