Popular Unitary Action Movement
The movement of the unitary nation action, abbreviation MAPU ( Spanish Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria ) was a left-wing party in Chile. The party was founded on 19 May 1969 as a left- Christian party and was part of the governing coalition Unidad Popular ( 1970-1973 ). During Augusto Pinochet's rule, the members of the MAPU were subjected to reprisals. Some members of the movement joined in 1987 the Partido por la Democracia, which was founded as a legal substitute organization for moderate socialists.
Foundation and History
The MAPU originated as a splinter group of the left wing of the Christian Democratic Party, as this government power held ( Eduardo Frei Montalva was elected president in 1964 ). Many party members, especially members of the Christian Democratic youth organization, were the policies of the government, which they considered to be pro- American and pro-imperialist U.S., dissatisfied. Left and radical left-wing Christian Democrats, including Jacques Chonchol, Enrique Correa, Rafael Agustín Gumucio, Oscar Guillermo Garretón, formed a new party and joined the Popular Unity to. Jacques Chonchol, the most famous by far the politicians of the MAPU had already been a minister in the cabinet of Eduardo Frei and was Minister of Agriculture under Allende and thus responsible for land reform, which was the most important political measure of the Allende government, together with the expropriation of industries. First, the ideological orientation of the party was not clearly determined (some party members saw themselves as representatives of liberation theology, others declared themselves Marxist-Leninist). In the course of time, the party moved more and more to the left. The party leadership was by their allies Salvador Allende and Fidel Castro ( the one MAPU delegation in 1972 met in Cuba) advised not officially committed to Marxism, since there was already a Marxist parties in Chile and a solid left Christian party would provide supporting for the government camp, to a "Christian niche " to claim.
Divisions and ban
The leader of the MAPU, especially Eduardo Aquevedo, who was also soviet critical, overlooked this advice. So the party known officially in 1972 to Marxism- Leninism. However, the party promoted an independent Marxism, was influenced by liberation theology, supported the Non-Aligned Movement and some of their leaders were the Soviet Union critical of. As in 1972, the Christian Democratic party split again, leaving some MAPU politicians who were dissatisfied with the Marxist- Leninist course to start with the PDC apostates own party, Izquierda Cristiana ( including Jacques Chonchol and Rafael Agustín Gumucio ).
On March 7, 1973, MAPU split into two warring factions: the radical left MAPU Óscar Eduardo Guillermo Garretón and Aquevedo, and the MAPU Obrero Campesino by Enrique Correa, who stood closer to the Communist Party, and thereby supported a more moderate, legalistic line. Both belonged to the Unidad Popular coalition - continued.
Like other left-wing parties and the MAPU the MAPU Obrero Campesino were banned after the military coup of September 11, 1973.